Safety & Immunogenicity of 426c.Mod.Core-C4b Vaccine With 3M-052-AF+Alum in Infants Perinatally Exposed to HIV But Uninfected

This study will compare the safety and immunogenicity of an experimental HIV vaccine in infants with perinatal HIV exposure who are without HIV at birth. The study vaccine is called 426c.Mod.Core-C4b. The vaccine is mixed with an adjuvant called 3M-052-AF + Alum.

This study is divided into 2 parts: Part A and B. Part A has 4 groups, while Part B has 2 groups. Part A of the study is testing the vaccine alone or in combination with different doses of adjuvant. Part B is testing study vaccine and the safest dose of adjuvants from Part A versus placebo. Depending on their group, participants will receive 426c.Mod.Core-C4b, 426c.Mod.Core-C4b vaccine adjuvanted with 3M-052-AF + Alum, or a placebo by injection at Months 0, 3, and 7.

Additional study visits will occur at Day 1, Week 2, Month 3 1/2, Month 7 1/2, Month 10, Year 1, Year 1 1/2, and Year 1 3/4. Study visits may include physical exams, blood and saliva collection for the infants and questionnaires, counselling, blood, and optional breastmilk collection for the mothers of infants.

Inclusion criteria

Mother

• Mother's age is at least 18 years and is willing and able to provide written informed consent for their and their infant's participation in this study
• Mother is in the second or third trimester of singleton pregnancy, as determined by a clinical exam or sonography and reported menstrual history
• Mother agrees to donate umbilical cord blood
• Mother has a planned Caesarian delivery at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (Soweto) and plans to remain in the area after delivery and through study duration
• Mother is determined by the site investigator to be in good overall health at the time of delivery based on medical history and physical exam
• Mother has a documented CD4 count of more than 350 cells/mcL at screening
• Mother has been on cART for at least 16 weeks prior to delivery and intends to continue with cART for the duration of breastfeeding
• Mother has a viral load of less than 400 copies/mL between 2 weeks before and 7 days after delivery
• Mother has access to the participating HVTN CRS and is willing to be followed for the planned duration of the study
• Mother demonstrates understanding of this study and is able and willing to complete the informed consent process and delivery with verbal demonstration of understanding of all questionnaire items answered incorrectly
• Mother agrees not to enroll either self or infant in another research study for the duration of the trial without prior approval of the HVTN 316 PSRT.
• Mother has confirmed positive HIV-1 status documented by medical records at any time during or prior to screening, and confirmed by the HVTN CRS by serology

Exclusion criteria

Mother

• Any World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV illness within 1 year prior to study enrollment, as determined by the history and physical examination and review of the medical record (if available). These include HIV wasting syndrome; PJP pneumonia; cerebral toxoplasmosis; extrapulmonary cryptococcosis; progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; any disseminated endemic mycosis (histoplasmosis); candidiasis of the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, or lung; disseminated atypical mycobacteria; non-typhoid salmonella septicemia; extrapulmonary tuberculosis; lymphoma; and Kaposi's sarcoma.
• Prior participation in any HIV-1 vaccine or anti-HIV antibody-mediated prevention trial
• Receipt of any investigational agent during this pregnancy
• Receipt of blood products, immunoglobulin (Ig), or immunomodulating therapy within 45 days prior to, and the day of delivery
• Any medical, psychiatric, occupational, or other condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with or serve as a contraindication to protocol adherence, assessment of infant safety or reactogenicity, or a volunteer's ability to give informed consent
• Any condition that places the newborn at higher risk of early-onset sepsis, such as concern for active maternal infection at delivery, as determined by local site investigators (eg, fever)
• Detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)

Inclusion criteria

Infant

• Born via Caesarean delivery to a pregnant woman living with HIV-1 who meets all maternal inclusion/exclusion criteria listed above
• Estimated gestational age at birth is at least 37 weeks

Note: If gestational age at birth is not documented in the infant's available birth records, study staff may assess gestational age at the earliest possible opportunity during the screening period and use this assessment for purposes of eligibility determination.

• Weight at birth is at least 2.5 kg
• Has initiated ARV prophylaxis consistent with current site-specific standard of care
• Hemoglobin (HgB) more than 14.0 g/dL
• White blood cell (WBC) count ≥ 7,000 cells/mm3
• Platelets more than 100,000 cells/mm3
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) less than 1.25 times upper limit of age-adjusted normal
• Creatinine less than 1.1 times upper limit of age adjusted normal
• Negative HIV-1 nucleic acid test (NAT) on specimen drawn within 72 hours of birth
• Written informed consent provided by mother
• Age is equal to or less than 7 days

Exclusion criteria

Infant

• Any clinically significant congenital anomaly/birth defect
• Documented or suspected serious medical illness, infection, clinically significant finding from physical examination, or immediate life-threatening condition, including requirement for ongoing supplemental oxygen, as judged by the examining clinician
• Receipt of or anticipated need for blood products, immunoglobulin, or immunosuppressive therapy. This includes infants who require hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), but it does not require exclusion of infants who receive hepatitis B vaccine in the newborn period.
• Receipt of any other investigational product