Safety and Tolerability of Patterned Stimulation for DBS in the Home Setting

This pilot study will investigate the safety, tolerability, and feasibility of three distinct patterned Deep Brain Stimulation (pDBS) paradigms delivered in a home setting using the Boston Scientific Chronos Research Engine. The three stimulation patterns under evaluation are:

• Biphasic DBS (bDBS)
• Nocturnal Theta Burst Stimulation (tDBS)
• Region-Specific Frequency Alternation (fDBS).

Sixty patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD), each with stable bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) and Globus Pallidus internus (GPi) DBS for at least six months, will be enrolled and assigned to one of the three parallel study arms. At the baseline visit, each participant will be programmed with two stimulation settings: one replicating their chronic best clinical setting, and a second incorporating the assigned patterned stimulation.

For participants in the bDBS arm, the second setting will mirror their clinical setting but use a biphasic waveform to ensure charge balancing. In the tDBS arm, the second setting will deliver theta burst stimulation-six bursts per second at the therapeutic frequency-during nighttime hours, using the internal IPG clock to align with the participant's typical sleep schedule. For those in the fDBS arm, the second setting will apply high-frequency stimulation to dorsal contacts (Levels 3 or 4) and low-frequency stimulation (30-60 Hz) to ventral contacts (Levels 1 or 2), while maintaining all other clinical parameters.

Participants will be blinded to the identity of the two settings and will be able to switch between them using their patient programmer. The study will follow a randomized, blinded, two-period crossover design over a total duration of four weeks. During the first two weeks, participants will use one of the two programmed settings. At the end of this period, a telemedicine visit will be conducted to collect quality of life (QoL) questionnaires, related surveys, and a video-based modified MDS-UPDRS assessment. Participants will then switch to the alternate setting for the remaining two weeks. At the conclusion of the study, participants will return for an in-person research visit to complete the same assessments for the second setting. This design allows for within-subject comparison of conventional DBS and patterned DBS in a real-world, home-based environment, and will generate critical data to inform the design of a future large-scale trial.

Inclusion criteria

• Bilateral STN or GPi DBS with Boston Scientific Vercise Genus DBS System
• Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease as confirmed by a movement disorders fellowship trained neurologist
• Chronic stable DBS therapy, defined as having DBS therapy for at least 6 months

Exclusion criteria

• History of previous neurosurgical intervention aside from DBS
• Diagnosis of dementia (whether primary or related to Parkinson's disease)
• A diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism or secondary parkinsonism at any time after DBS implantation