Safety and Efficacy Study of TX103 CAR-T Cell Therapy for Recurrent or Progressive Grade 4 Glioma.

Eligible subjects will be enrolled into two sequential dose-escalating cohorts (i.e., A and B), and will be administrated TX103. Cohort A will receive TX103 exclusively through intraventricular (ICV) delivery, while cohort B will undergo dual intracavitary (ICT) and ICV delivery. Patients in each individual cohort will receive two TX103 infusions on Day 1 and 8 respectively, followed by a 14-day observation period in a 21-day treatment cycle.

Three escalating dosage levels are planned for each cohort. Both Cohorts A and B will adopt the traditional 3+3 dose escalation design with each dose level enrolled with 3 to 6 patients. The starting dose will be 6 × 10^7 CAR+ T cells (i.e., Dose Level 1, DL1). Dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) will be assessed during the first cycle .

Inclusion criteria

• Subjects must voluntarily participate in the study and sign a written informed consent document; subjects should be willing and able to follow and complete study procedures.
• Male or female subjects aged 18 to 75 years (both inclusive).
• Subject must have histologically diagnosed grade 4 glioma, such as glioblastoma, grade 4 astrocytoma, diffuse hemispheric glioma, according to 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the CNS. Subjects must have had experienced disease recurrence or progression* after surgery combined with Stupp regimen (concurrent radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) followed by adjuvant TMZ) and are not candidate for re-resection. For subjects harboring specific gene mutations, such as NTRK gene fusion or BRAF V600E mutation, they must have also progressed on corresponding mutation-directed therapies before enrollment.

• Disease recurrence or progression must be confirmed by radiographic or histopathological diagnosis.
• Subjects with confirmed B7-H3 positive* (≥30%) tumor expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in either primary or recurrent tumor tissue.

*B7-H3 positive rate is defined as the percentage of B7-H3 positive tumor cells in non-necrotic tumor tissue.

• Subjects with KPS score of ≥60.
• Subjects should have adequate venous access for collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
• Subjects with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 40% within one month prior to the first dose.
• Subjects with oxygen saturation ≥95% under the resting state.
• Subjects with adequate organ function, as indicated by laboratory test results that meet the following criteria:

• Hematological function: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.5×109/L, hemoglobin (Hb) ≥90g/L, platelet count (PLT) ≥100×109/L, absolute lymphocytes count (ALC) ≥0.15×109/L. Blood transfusion, granulocyte (macrophage) colony stimulating factor, recombinant human erythropoietin, recombinant human thrombopoietin, platelet receptor agonist, recombinant human interleukin-11, and other supportive treatments are prohibited within 14 days before the test.
• Liver function: Total bilirubin (TBIL) ≤ 1.5 × ULN, patients with Gilbert's syndrome (persistent or recurrent hyperbilirubinemia, presenting as unconjugated bilirubin in the absence of evidence of hemolysis or liver pathology) Except for elevated erythrocytes; alanine aminotransferases (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤2.5×ULN.
• Renal function: serum creatinine (Scr) ≤1.5×ULN.
• Coagulation function (in the absence of anticoagulant therapy): prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) or international normalized ratio (INR) ≤ 1.5×ULN.
• Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test at screening and if a positive urine test or a negative result cannot be confirmed by urine test.
• Women of childbearing potential (which refer to women who have not been surgically sterilized and pre-menopausal women) should use highly effective and reliable method of contraception (refer to Section 5.3 for contraception method) from the start of the study until 6 months after the last dose of the study drug; sexually active male subjects, if no vas deferens for ligation, consent must be given to the use of highly effective and reliable method of contraception from the start of the study until 6 months after the last dose of the study drug.

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnant or breastfeeding female subjects.
• Subjects with viral infection during the screening period:

• Serum HIV antibody positive, treponema pallidum serology positive; OR
• Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and peripheral blood HBV DNA test value exceeds the normal range; OR
• Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positive and peripheral blood HCV RNA positive.
• Medical history and concomitant diseases:

• Subjects who have received carmustine extended-release implantation surgery within 6 months;
• Subjects with known or suspected active autoimmune diseases, including but not limited to Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.;
• Subjects who are receiving systemic immunosuppressive agents or subjects who need to use immunosuppressive agents for a long-time during treatment, except for intermittent topical, inhaled, or intranasal glucocorticoid therapy;
• Subjects with uncontrolled mental disorders, or who, in the Investigator's opinion, have a medical history or a history of mental states that may increase the risks associated with study participation or study drug administration, or that may interfere with the results;
• The toxicity and side effects caused by previous treatment have not recovered to ≤ grade 1 (per CTCAE 5.0); except for alopecia and other tolerable events judged by the Investigator;
• Subjects who have participated in other interventional clinical studies within the past 1 month;
• Subjects who have previously received CAR-T cell therapy or other gene therapy*;
• Subjects with any serious or poorly controlled disease that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may increase the risk associated with study participation, study drug administration, or affect the subject's ability to receive study drug, including but not limited to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, renal insufficiency, pulmonary embolism, coagulopathy or requiring long-term anticoagulant therapy, active infection or uncontrollable infection requiring long-term systemic treatment;
• Subjects with other malignant tumors in the past 3 years or at present, except for non-melanoma skin cancer, carcinoma in situ (such as cervix, bladder and breast cancer).