Safety and Efficacy of Maintenance of Etomidate in General Anesthesia

Inclusion criteria

• 18 ≤age≤65;
• Types of surgery: laparoscopic gynecological surgery, laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery, thoracoscopic radical lung cancer surgery;
• 1 h ≤ operation time ≤ 3 h;
• ASA grade I~III;
• BMI of 18.5~29.9 kg/m2 [BMI= weight (kg)/height (m) 2] (2013 American guidelines for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults);
• In accordance with ethics, the patient voluntarily took the test and signed the informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Cerebral vascular accident, such as stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), etc. within 3 months;
• Severe abnormal liver and kidney function (severe abnormal liver function: ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, one of which is more than 2 times the upper limit of normal value. Severe renal dysfunction: creatinine > 2 times upper normal);
• Patients with diabetic complications (diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperotonic coma, various infections, macrovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot, etc.);
• Unstable angina pectoris or myocardial infarction occurred within 3 months;
• Preoperative blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg ( ≥ Grade 2 hypertension, 2020 ISH Hypertension Guidelines);
• Identified/suspected abuse or long-term use of narcotic sedatives and analgesics; •Taking hormones or other immunosuppressive agents for more than 10 days within half a year, or having a history of adrenocortical suppression or immune system diseases;
• Hypothyroidism;
• Patients with a history of asthma;
• Those who were reoperated within 3 months;
• Having contraindications or allergies to test drugs and other narcotic drugs;
• Patients enrolled in other studies within 30 days.