Safety and Efficacy of G-Pen Compared to Lilly Glucagon for Hypoglycemia Rescue in Adult Type 1 Diabetics

This is a blinded, randomized, Phase 3 comparative efficacy and safety study in adults with type 1 diabetes. Patients will complete screening procedures up to 60 days before randomization to determine eligibility before enrollment to the treatment phase.

The procedure for evaluating the efficacy of the G-Pen (glucagon injection) consists of inducing hypoglycemia by intravenous administration of regular insulin diluted in normal saline. Each participant will undergo two episodes of insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and in random order will receive 1 mg G-Pen (glucagon injection) during one episode and 1 mg Lilly Glucagon during the other episode. There will be wash out period of 7-28 days between treatment visits.

Blood glucose levels will be monitored post-dosing, with a return of plasma glucose to a concentration > 70 mg/dL within 30 minutes signifying successful hypoglycemia rescue. As a confirmation of efficacy, subjects will complete a questionnaire concerning changes in symptoms of hypoglycemia following treatment with glucagon.

Subjects will return for a follow-up safety visit 3-14 days following administration of the final dose of glucagon.

Inclusion criteria

• diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus for at least 24 months
• usage of daily insulin treatment
• random serum C-peptide concentration < 0.5 ng/mL

Exclusion criteria

• pregnant or nursing
• HbA1c >9.0%
• renal insufficiency
• hepatic synthetic insufficiency
• aspartate or alanine aminotransferase > 3 times the upper limit of normal
• hematocrit less than or equal to 30%
• use of > 2.0 U/kg total insulin dose per day
• inadequate bilateral venous access in both arms
• congestive heart failure, New York Heart Association class II, III or IV
• active malignancy within 5 years, except basal cell or squamous cell skin cancers
• history of breast cancer or malignant melanoma
• major surgical operation within 30 days
• current seizure disorder.
• current bleeding disorder, treatment with warfarin, or platelet count below 50,000
• history of pheochromocytoma or disorder with increased risk of pheochromocytoma
• history of insulinoma
• history of glycogen storage disease.
• positive for HIV, hepatitis C virus or active hepatitis B virus infection
• whole blood donation of 1 pint (500 mL) within 8 weeks
• active substance or alcohol abuse
• administration of glucagon within 28 days
• participation in other studies involving an investigational drug or device within 30 days