Safety and Efficacy of Bexagliflozin as Monotherapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

This was a phase 3, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once daily oral administration of bexagliflozin tablets, 20 mg or placebo tablets, in male and female subjects with T2DM who were treatment-naïve or previously treated with 1 oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA).

Prospective subjects being treated with one OHA were eligible if they had an HbA1c between 6.5% and 10.0% and were willing to complete a 6-week washout. Individuals taking thiazolidinediones were not eligible for the study. All eligible subjects were to start a 2-week placebo run-in period. Subjects who missed no more than 1 dose of the run-in medication, had fasting blood glucose values ≥ 250 mg/dL on no more than two consecutive days, and had an HbA1c level between 7.0% and 10.5% and a fasting glucose level < 250 mg/dL after the run-in period were eligible for randomization.

Two hundred and ten (210) subjects were planned to be randomly assigned to receive oral bexagliflozin tablets, 20 mg or placebo, in a 2:1 ratio once daily for 24 weeks. Subjects with uncontrolled hyperglycemia based on blood glucose levels could receive additional approved anti-diabetic medications. Treatment group assignment at the start of the treatment period was stratified by baseline HbA1c level and background anti-diabetes treatment status (treatment naïve or not).

Each subject was contacted by telephone at week 2 and was instructed to return to the clinic at weeks 6, 12, 18, and 24 for efficacy assessment and safety monitoring. Subjects returned to the clinic for a follow-up visit at week 26 or 2 weeks after the last dose of investigational product if the subject terminated prior to week 24.

The study population included:

• Male or female adult subjects ≥ 18 years of age at screening
• Subjects who were treatment naïve or receiving 1 OHA in combination with diet and exercise
• Subjects with a diagnosis of T2DM
• Subjects with HbA1c levels at screening between 7.0% and 10.5% (inclusive) if treatment-naïve or with HbA1c levels between 6.5 and 10.0% (inclusive) if on 1 oral anti diabetic agent
• Subjects with a BMI ≤ 45 kg/m2
• Subjects whose doses of medications for hypertension or hyperlipidemia (if applicable) had not changed for at least 30 days prior to screening
• Subjects who were willing and able to return for all clinic visits and to complete all study required procedures
• Female subjects of childbearing potential who were willing to use an adequate method of contraception and not become pregnant for the duration of the study.
• Subjects who maintained glycemic control throughout washout, if applicable.
• Subjects who had HbA1c levels between 7.0 and 10.5% prior to randomization
• Subjects who had been compliant in investigational product administration by missing no more than 1 dose of run-in medication

Subjects who met any of the following criteria were excluded from the study:

• A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus or maturity-onset diabetes of the young
• Use of injected therapy for treatment of diabetes (insulin or GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy) or thiazolidinedione class drugs at the time of screening
• Female subjects who were pregnant or breastfeeding
• Hemoglobinopathy or carrier status for hemoglobin alleles that affected HbA1c measurement
• Genitourinary tract infection (e.g., UTI, GMI, vaginitis, balanitis) within 6 weeks of screening or history of ≥ 3 genitourinary infections requiring treatment within 6 months from screening
• Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as calculated by the modification of diet in renal disease study equation (MDRD), < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at screening
• Uncontrolled hypertension defined as a sitting systolic blood pressure >160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > 95 mm Hg at screening
• A positive result for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or hepatitis C (HCV)
• History of alcohol or illicit drug abuse in the past 2 years
• Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive based on medical history
• Life expectancy < 2 years
• New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV heart failure within 3 months of screening
• MI, unstable angina, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure within 3 months of screening
• Treatment with an investigational drug within 30 days or within 7 half-lives of the investigational drug, whichever was longer
• Previous treatment with bexagliflozin or EGT0001474
• Use of any SGLT2 inhibitors, either at the time of screening or in the prior 3 months
• Currently participating in another interventional trial
• Not able to comply with the study scheduled visits
• Any condition, disease, disorder, or clinically relevant abnormality that, in the opinion of the primary investigator, would jeopardize the subject's appropriate participation in this study or obscure the effects of treatment
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≥ 2.5 x ULN or total bilirubin ≥ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) with the exception of isolated Gilbert's syndrome at screening
• Two or more consecutive FPG measures ≥ 250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L) prior to randomization or severe clinical signs or symptoms of hyperglycemia during the washout or run-in periods, including weight loss, blurred vision, increased thirst, or increased urination, or fatigue
• At last visit prior to randomization, FPG level ≥ 250 mg/dL
• Prior renal transplantation or evidence of nephrotic syndrome (defined as a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) > 2000 mg/g at screening).