Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of Intracoronary Infusion of Allogeneic Human Cardiac Stem Cells in Patients With AMI

This is a "First in Patient" Clinical Trial to obtain safety and efficacy results about the intracoronary administration of a suspension of allogeneic cardiac stem cells (CSCs) for the treatment of ST elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). This clinical trial will have a first dose-escalation phase in which the safety of 10, 20 and 35 million CSCs administration will be evaluated in 6 patients. A second double-blind randomized and placebo controlled phase will be initiated, if no major safety effects are observed during the first week after cell administration. The 35 million cells dose is the one expected to be used during the randomized phase.

Patients with EF<45% and with infarct sizes > 25% will be selected by magnetic resonance image (MRI). 49 patients will be included in the randomized phase with the aim of having 38 patients for efficacy analysis at the end of the follow up period (12 months). In this phase, patients will be randomly allocated for receiving CSCs or placebo in a 2:1 scheme. Three bioequivalent cellular batches obtained from different donors will be indistinctly used during the assay.

CSCs or placebo treatment will be infused into the coronary artery responsible for the ischemic event. Placebo will be a commercial preparation of human serum albumin 5% in saline solution that will also be used for cell product reconstitution.

After treatment, patients will be monitored overnight in a coronary care unit for any toxicity and discharged from hospital 24h after treatment if no adverse events are observed.

Subsequent safety follow-up will be done first at day 7 after treatment and then monthly or quarterly thereafter for 12 months. In addition, efficacy evaluations will be performed by MRI and clinical parameters at 1, 6 and 12 months after treatment.

Finally, cellular and humoral immunological response (screening for anti-HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) class I and class II antibodies, HLA typing, cross-matching between cells and treated patient and cytokine profiling in blood samples) will be analysed during the clinical trial.

Inclusion criteria

• Adult patients ≥ 18 years of age and ≤ 80 years.
• Patients presenting a ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) according to the universally accepted definition found in the STEMI management guide of the European Society of Cardiology
• Killip ≤ 2 on admission
• Successful primary coronary revascularization by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention- PCI - (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] = 3) within 12h after the onset of infarct symptoms
• Bare-metal or drug-eluting stents (DES) of second generation (including new second generation stents, e.g. biolimus, novolimus and bioreabsorbable stents) at coronary revascularization by PCI
• Ejection Fraction (EF) ≤45% by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This MRI will be done between day 3 and day 5 after infarction and will be used as inclusion MRI
• Infarct size in left ventricle (LV) tested in the screening MRI ≥25% The presence of microvascular obstruction at inclusion MRI is permitted
• The affected coronary artery is adequate for cells infusion at the administration time. The administration procedure is technically feasible on day 4-7 after coronary revascularization by PCI
• The patient is stable and in adequate clinical condition to undergo the procedure.

Exclusion criteria

• Participation in another clinical trial in the last 30 days
• Previous allogeneic transplant (blood transfusions are allowed) or treated with cell or gene therapy
• Previous Q-wave infarction
• Significant valve disease, relapsing pericarditis, history of cardiac tamponade, cardiomyopathies
• Severe stenotic lesions (>90%) in a coronary vessel with size >2.75 mm not treated by PCI at least 24 hours before the baseline MRI study
• Previous EF≤45%, NYHA > 2 (New York Heart Association Functional Classification) or hospital admission for heart failure before STEMI
• Sustained VT that does not revert with treatment or requires >6 hours to be controlled in the 48 hours prior to the product administration procedure
• Complete atrioventricular blockade, or acute left bundle branch block in the 48 hours prior to the product administration procedure
• History of cardioembolic disease
• Platelets <100,000 and/or Hb<8.5g/dL
• Acute or chronic renal failure with creatinine ≥2.5 mg/dl or creatinine clearance ≤30 mL/min
• Infection with systemic involvement
• Cancer disease, except that eradicated at least 5 years before inclusion, and without receiving radiotherapy on chest. It is permitted coetaneous non-melanoma neoplasms completely eliminated (at any time) and that do not require subsequent chemotherapy or radiotherapy on chest.
• Child-Pugh's C stage chronic liver disease
• Baseline respiratory failure requiring oxygen at home
• Uncontrolled hypertension at screening despite treatment (systolic blood pressure [BP] ≥180 and/or diastolic BP ≥110)
• Very poorly controlled diabetes (Hb1Ac ≥8.5 g/dL) or with serious target organ lesion (peripheral vascular disease requiring revascularization or non revascularize)
• History of autoimmune disease
• Primary or acquired immune deficiency or immunosuppressant treatment (including treatments with immunosuppressants in the previous three months, or foreseeable need for those treatments during the course of the study).
• Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding or women of childbearing potential who do not agree to use contraceptives during the study period
• Life expectancy of less than 2 years for any reason.
• Allergy to aminoglycoside antibiotics or HSA hypersensitivity
• Contraindications preventing the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Pacemaker, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), known reaction to gadolinium, claustrophobia, cochlear implants