Role of Lung Ultrasonography in Diagnosing Atelectasis in Robotic Pelvic Surgeries

Methodology -In the Operation Room 5 lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) , Pulse Oximetry (SPO2 ) , Noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP), End tidal carbon di Oxide (ETCO2 )and core temperature will be monitored , intravenous assess will be established with large bore cannula ,under Local anesthesia Radial artery cannulation will be performed , standard general anesthesia with oral cuffed Endotracheal tube and Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV ) will be provided to all patients.Anaesthesia will be induced with Fentanyl 1-2 mcg/kg-1 , Morphine 0.5mg/kg-1 ,Propofol sleeping dose , Atracurium 0.5mg/kg-1,and maintained with Air/O2 Sevoflurane , Propofol infusion @100- 150 mcg/kg-1 to maintain Bispectral Index (BIS) between 40 -60 and atracurium infusion to maintain Train -of - Four (TOF Ratio) < 0.5 Baseline Lung Ultrasound Imaging will be performed to record 4 point Lung aeration score ( 0= Normal lung /No aeration loss , 1= mild aeration loss, 2=moderate aeration loss ,3=severe aeration loss ) at T1 - 5 minutes after induction of anaesthesia and before docking robotic instruments in 6 basal zones in both lungs ( 3 zones in each lung ) and labelled as Zone I (Right anterior basal ) Zone II ( Right lateral basal) and Zone III (Right posterior basal) . Zone IV ( Left anterior basal) , Zone V (Left lateral basal ) , Zone VI ( Left Posterior basal ).T2 - Lung Ultrasound Imaging will be performed to record aeration score after removal of robotic arms at the end of robotic surgery and before extubation in 6 basal zones in both lungs.Ti Arterial blood gas 5 minutes after induction of anesthesia and before docking robotic instruments.Tii -Arterial blood gas 5 minutes after the end of robotic surgery and de docking robotic instruments.All patients will receive Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) 5 cms of water (H2O) intraoperatively . Intraabdominal Pressure will be maintained at 15 cms H2O. Any decrease in Oxygen saturation < 96 % and intervention required will be noted. At the end of surgery , neuromuscular blockade will be reversed , trachea extubated and patient shifted to Postanaesthesia Care Unit.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients undergoing Robotic Pelvic surgeries under general anaesthesia

Exclusion criteria

• Lung consolidation
• Lung fibrosis
• Cardiac failure
• Previous thoracic surgery
• BMI > 32