Robotic Flexible Ureteroscopy Versus Standard Flexible Ureteroscopy for Renal Stones

This is a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing robotic flexible ureteroscopy and standard flexible ureteroscopy for patients with treatment of renal stones. All consecutive patients who are scheduled for flexible ureteroscopy for treatment of renal stones would be screened for study eligibility. Patients are randomised to receive either robotic or standard flexible ureteroscopy with an allocation ratio of 1:1. by computer generated random block. The urologist performing the surgery could not be blinded due to the nature of the intervention. Patients receiving the treatment and investigators assessing for any disease recurrence are blinded from the allocated treatment arm.

Inclusion criteria

• Age ≥ 18 years old with informed consent
• Being willing and able to provide written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with abnormal urinary tract (e.g. ileal conduit, neobladder, ureteric stricture)
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system >3
• Untreated urinary tract infection
• Renal stones > 3cm in diameter