Robot-Assisted vs. Video-Assisted Lobectomy for NSCLC (RAVAR)

Inclusion criteria

• Age from 18 to 80 years old;
• Patients with blood pressure<160/100mmHg, 5.6<blood glucose<11.2mmol/L, major organs function normally: (1) Goldman index between grade 1 and 2; (2) Predicted forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) >= 40 % and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) >= 40 %; (3) total bilirubin <= 1.5 upper limit of normal; (4) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) <= 2.5 upper limit of normal; (5) creatinine <= 1.25 upper limit of normal and creatinine clearance rate (CCr) >= 60ml/min;
• The first clinical diagnosis before surgery was non-small cell lung cancer, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and other unknown types;
• Clinical stage T1-2N0-1 (cI-II): Maximum diameter of tumor <= 5cm and short diameter of mediastinal lymph node <= 1cm in thin layer CT;
• Performance status of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-1;
• All relevant examinations were completed within 28 days before the operation;
• Patients who understand this study and have signed an approved Informed Consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy before surgery.
• Patients with the previous history of other malignancies;
• Patients with secondary primary cancer when enrolled;
• Patients diagnosed as pure ground glass opacity (GGO) before surgery;
• Patients diagnosed as mixed GGO whose solid part <= 50% and Maximum diameter of tumor <= 2cm;
• Patients with small cell lung cancer;
• Patients with prior unilateral open thoracic surgical procedures;
• Woman who is pregnant or breastfeeding;
• Patients with interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, or severe emphysema;
• Patients with an active bacterial or fungal infection that is difficult to control;
• Patients with serious psychosis;
• Patients with a history of severe heart attack, heart failure, myocardial infarction, or angina within the last 6 months.