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Completed

NCT Number: NCT00056498

Risperidone Treatment in Schizophrenia Patients Who Are Currently Taking Clozapine

This study will determine whether adding the drug risperidone (Risperdal®) is more effective than placebo in treating schizophrenic patients who are taking the drug clozapine.

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Key information

Conditions

Schizophrenia Mental Disorders Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Age range

18 year–65 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Phase 4

Primary location

Maryland Psychiatric Research Center

Catonsville, Maryland, 21228, United States

About this study

Clozapine is the only antipsychotic drug that has been approved for treatment resistant patients with schizophrenia. However, up to 50% of patients treated with clozapine fail to respond and continue to exhibit clinically significant residual positive and negative symptoms and cognitive impairments. An emerging trend in treatment is the addition of a second antipsychotic drug. This study will determine if risperidone when given as adjunctive treatment is more effective than placebo in treating schizophrenic patients failing clozapine therapy.

Participants are randomly assigned to add either adjunctive risperidone or placebo to their current clozapine treatment in a single, daily dose for 16 weeks. Positive and negative symptoms, cognitive impairments, side effects of the treatment, anxiety, depression, hostility symptoms, and quality of life are assessed. Neurological tests, self administered questionnaires, and interviews are used to assess patients.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
  • Current clozapine treatment
  • Moderate illness severity and inadequate positive symptom response to clozapine treatment
  • 6 month period of clozapine treatment with documented clozapine blood level greater than or equal to 350 ng/ml or clozapine and norclozapine blood level greater than or equal to 450 ng/ml

Exclusion criteria

  • Organic brain disorder
  • Mental retardation
  • Medical condition whose pathology or treatment could alter the presentation or treatment of schizophrenia or significantly increase the risk associated with the proposed treatment protocol
  • Pregnancy
  • DSM-IV criteria for current alcohol or substance dependence within the last 6 months or DSM-IV criteria for alcohol or substance abuse within the last month
  • Previously received adjunctive risperidone (at doses greater than or equal to 8 mg/day) with their clozapine treatment for greater than or equal to 6 weeks

Treatment and study plan

Placebo

Drug

Placebo capsule daily for 16 weeks

Risperdal

Drug

Risperdal 4 mg per day for 16 weeks

Other names: Risperidone

Primary outcomes

  1. Positive Symptom Item Scores by Week and Treatment Group

    Time frame: Baseline and every two weeks for 16 weeks.

    The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) positive symptom items are: conceptual disorganization, hallucinatory behavior, unusual thought content, and suspiciousness. The total score is calculated by adding the scores for each item. Each scale ranges from "1=Not Present" to "7=Very Severe". The minimum score is 4 and the maximum score is 28. A higher score indicates a more severe positive symptom rating. A mixed model for unbalanced repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), in which follow-up symptom score = baseline symptom score + treatment + week + treatment x week, and week is treated as a categorical, rather than a continuous measure. The treatment term estimates the average across weeks of the week-specific group differences, and is used as the main test for treatment effects on symptom change.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Neuropsychological Testing - Overall Composite Z-score

    Time frame: Baseline and Week 16

    The neuropsychological testing measured attention, executive function/problem solving, motor speed, processing speed/response generation, and verbal, visual, and working memory. The individual test raw scores were converted to z-scores and an overall composite z-score was computed from the average of the individual test z-scores. Z-scores range from -3 standard deviations up to +3 standard deviations. Higher scores indicate better test performance.

  2. Negative Symptom Total Score by Week and Treatment Group

    Time frame: Baseline and every two weeks for 16 weeks.

    The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) total score, minus the global items, inappropriate affect, poverty of content of speech, and attention items, used to measure negative symptoms. SANS total score range = 0-85. Higher scores indicate more severe negative symptoms. A mixed model for unbalanced repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), in which follow-up symptom score = baseline symptom score + treatment + week + treatment x week, and week is treated as a categorical, rather than a continuous measure. The treatment term estimates the average across weeks of the week-specific group differences, and is used as the main test for treatment effects on symptom change.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Maryland, Baltimore

Other

Collaborators

  • National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
  • Ortho-McNeil Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC

Registry information

Official study title

Clozapine Treatment of Schizophrenic Patients

Important dates

Study start
2001
Primary completion
2007
Study completion
2007
First posted
Mar 17, 2003
Registry last updated
Oct 1, 2019

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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