Risk Prediction Model for Severe Autoimmune Encephalitis

To develop and validate a predictive model for severe autoimmune encephalitis (AE), a prospective multicenter study will be conducted. Clinical data of hospitalized AE patients will be collected consecutively, and a multicenter integrated database will be established. This database will include information on the characteristics of disease progression, changes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid immune-inflammatory markers, specific immunotherapy regimens, patient outcomes, and long-term prognoses. The study will analyze the clinical and immunological characteristics of AE patients, identify clinical indicators for early recognition of severe AE, and develop and validate a predictive model for severe AE. Additionally, the study will evaluate the efficacy of early plasma exchange/plasma adsorption therapy and targeted immunotherapy on AE outcomes and long-term prognosis, aiming to explore effective treatment strategies for rapidly controlling disease progression in the acute phase of severe AE.

Inclusion criteria

• age 14-80 years
• no restriction on gender
• meets the diagnostic criteria for confirmed AE, with a clearly identified pathogenic antibody
• within 3 months of AE
• patients voluntarily sign the informed consent form; if unable to express their will or sign, the consent form can be signed by a close relative on their behalf

Exclusion criteria

• no lumbar puncture performed for CSF antibody testing
• did not receive immunotherapy
• pre-onset modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥3