Risk Factors for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in Adults at the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital

The goal of this observational study is to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and identify its risk factors in adult patients recovering in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) after elective surgery at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia. The main questions it aims to answer are:

* What is the incidence of PONV among adult patients during their PACU stay? * Which patient-, anaesthesia-, and surgery-related factors are independently associated with the occurrence of PONV?

Participants who undergo elective surgery under any anaesthetic technique (general anaesthesia, spinal, epidural, or sedation) will be observed for nausea and vomiting from PACU admission until discharge. Researchers will also record the following variables for each participant:

* Patient factors: age, sex, smoking history, and history of motion sickness or prior PONV * Anaesthesia factors: type of anaesthesia, intraoperative opioid use, and PONV prophylaxis use * Surgical factors: type of surgery and surgical duration

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Key information

Conditions

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Anesthesia Complication Nausea Pathologic Processes Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Postoperative Complication Postoperative Complications Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms, Digestive Vomiting

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital)

Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta Special Capital Region, 10430, Indonesia

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Adult patients aged 18 years or older
Scheduled to undergo elective surgery under any type of anaesthesia (general anaesthesia, spinal, epidural, or sedation)
ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status classification I-IV
Fully conscious with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15

Exclusion criteria

Presence of nausea or vomiting before anaesthesia induction
Use of Monitored Anaesthesia Care (MAC) technique
Preoperative use of opioids or other emetogenic medications
Patient or legal guardian refuses informed consent

Treatment and study plan

Routine perioperative anaesthesia care

Other

Participants undergo elective surgery with anaesthesia as part of their standard clinical care. No additional intervention is administered by the research team. The study observes participants during their routine post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) stay and records exposure to anaesthesia-related factors (type of anaesthesia, opioid use, PONV prophylaxis) and surgical factors (surgery type, duration) as they occur in clinical practice.

Primary outcomes

Incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (PONV) during PACU stay

Time frame: Immediate postoperative period (Postoperative Day 0; during PACU stay)

PONV is defined as any episode of nausea (sensation of wanting to vomit without expulsive muscle movement) or vomiting (active expulsion of gastrointestinal contents) occurring after surgery with anaesthesia (general, spinal, epidural, or sedation). Assessed by direct clinical observation and patient interview during PACU monitoring.

Secondary outcomes

Severity of PONV

Time frame: Immediate postoperative period (Postoperative Day 0; during PACU stay)

Severity of PONV as assessed by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS): mild (1-3), moderate (4-6), severe (7-10)

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Indonesia University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Analysis of Risk Factors for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in Adult Patients at the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) of RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo

Acronym: PONV-RSCM

Important dates

Study start: 2026
Primary completion: 2026
Study completion: 2026
First posted: Jul 7, 2026
Registry last updated: Jul 14, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.

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