Surgical complications evaluation was based on the Clavien-Dindo complication scoring system.
Grade I Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic and radiological interventions Allowed therapeutic regimens are: drugs as antiemetics, antipyretics, analgetics, diuretics and electrolytes and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside.
Grade II Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications.
Blood transfusionsand total parenteral nutritionare also included. Grade III Requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological intervention Grade IV Life-threatening complication (including CNS complications)* requiring IC/ICU-management Grade V Death of a patient