Right Tools, Right Time, Right Place: Telehealth for Opioid Use Disorder in Vulnerable Settings

To measure the participant intervention experience, the study team will utilize qualitative interview data with study participants. These data will be organized into the implementation science categories: Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM), and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM).

The study team will determine whether each participant found the intervention to be feasible, acceptable, and/or appropriate. These findings will then be aggregated to better understand how participants experience the implementation of a telemedicine Opioid Use Disorder treatment organization, and will inform a future scaled-up implementation.

Items include: self-rated health, physically unhealthy days, mentally unhealthy days, and activity limitation days.

Values:

Self-rated health: 1 = Excellent, 2 = Very good, 3 = Good, 4 = Fair, 5 = Poor → Minimum = 1 (Excellent), Maximum = 5 (Poor)

Unhealthy days (physical/mental): Range 0-30 days in past 30 days

→ Minimum = 0, Maximum = 30

Direction: Higher scores = worse outcomes (more unhealthy days or poorer self-rated health).

Description: A 17-item multidimensional measure covering three domains:

• Risk factors (e.g., substance use, craving, triggers)
• Protective factors (e.g., social support, confidence in recovery)
• Recovery environment (e.g., housing, employment, stress)

Values:

• Most items use a 0-30 day timeframe with counts (e.g. "How many days in the past 30 have you used alcohol?" → 0-30).
• Some items use Likert-type 0-4 response options (e.g. "Not at all" to "Extremely").

Scoring and Direction:

• Higher scores on "risk" items = worse outcomes (e.g., more days using substances, more craving, more risk exposure).
• Higher scores on "protective" items = better outcomes (e.g., greater confidence, more supportive contacts).

Description: A single-item measure where participants rate their current intensity of craving for opioids by marking a point along a straight line (100 mm in length). The left anchor indicates "No craving at all" and the right anchor indicates "Most intense craving imaginable".

Values:

Minimum = 0 mm (no craving at all) Maximum = 100 mm (most intense craving imaginable)

Direction: Higher scores = worse outcome (greater opioid craving)