Rhode Island Diastolic Dysfunction - Heart Failure

Congestive heart failure carries a significant epidemiologic and economic burden in today's healthcare system and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in those affected.

There are approximately 5 million people in the United States with heart failure, and of those, nearly half have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF, also referred to as diastolic heart failure, is a clinical syndrome characterized by prolonged relaxation of the myocardium resulting in symptoms including dyspnea, edema, fatigue, and decreased exercise tolerance, which are clinically indistinguishable from the presentation of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The underlying mechanisms in diastolic dysfunction are not clearly elucidated, making targeted therapy a challenge. There are currently no FDA approved treatments for this syndrome, and multiple clinical trials have demonstrated that standard treatments for systolic heart failure are ineffective in treating diastolic dysfunction. One of the proposed underlying mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction is via the reduction of nitric oxide (NO), an endothelium-derived vasodilator that regulates blood pressure and regional blood flow. In 2010, Silberman et al. examined the effect of cardiac oxidation on nitric oxide and found that depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor in the production of nitric oxide, causes uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase, impaired relaxation of cardiac myocytes, and leads to subsequent diastolic dysfunction. The authors further went on to demonstrate that treatment with BH4 can improve diastolic dysfunction in a hypertensive mouse model as well as in isolated cardiac myocytes and may play a role in the treatment of HFpEF.

To the investigators' knowledge, the role of BH4 in treating diastolic dysfunction in human subjects has not been studied.

Inclusion criteria

• Male and female U.S. Veteran patients over the age of eighteen, with echocardiographic findings of >= Grade 2 diastolic dysfunction [as per American Society of Echocardiography guidelines] and
• Diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, or heart failure in medical records.
• Eligible subjects must be ambulatory (not dependent on any ambulatory assist devices including cane or walker).

Exclusion criteria

• Any history of documented ejection fraction <50%
• Significant COPD (defined as oxygen-dependent COPD)
• Acute coronary syndrome within the past three months defined by EKG changes and biomarkers of myocardial necrosis (ie. elevated troponin) in the setting of chest pain or an anginal equivalent)
• Presence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Presence of infiltrative/restrictive cardiomyopathy
• Echocardiographic evidence of moderate or severe aortic or mitral valve stenosis or regurgitation
• Previously diagnosed phenylketonuria
• End stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis
• Pre-existing seizure disorder
• Terminal illness (not including heart failure) with expected survival of one year or less
• Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding. All females of child bearing age will undergo pregnancy testing prior to randomization.
• Recent hospitalization within three months.
• Previous Bioprosthetic and/or mechanical aortic or mitral valves