Reward Processing and Depressive Subtypes: Identifying Neural Biotypes

This study combines clinically motivated questions with in-depth study of neurobiological mechanisms to evaluate how reward system neurobiology contributes to expression of reward-related deficits, such as decreased pleasure and motivation in major depressive disorder (MDD). Conceptually, the investigator will use a multi-measure approach, by studying basic brain responses to reward anticipation as well as higher-order aspects of reward processing necessary for decision-making.

Methodologically, the investigator will combine fMRI, EEG, and behavioral assessment, to more fully characterize reward-related brain functions and their clinical correlates. In addition to evaluating reward effects between MDD and healthy controls (HC), the investigator will also focus on understanding the relationship between reward processing and clinical features of high relevance to depression, with an emphasis on suicidality.

• Our studies require some in-person visits to our research lab, located at 42nd Ave and Clement St in San Francisco.
• Because this study includes an MRI, part of the screening process will be to ensure you don't have any metal in your body, you do not have head or neck tattoos, and you are comfortable inside the MRI scanner.

Inclusion criteria

• 18-70 years with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) for MDD group, or without for unaffected comparison (UC) group
• Negative metal screen for MRI safety
• Normal (or corrected to normal) vision

Exclusion criteria

• Past or present neurological problems (including seizures and head trauma resulting in neurological or cognitive symptoms)
• Loss of consciousness (LOC) greater than 30 minutes or any LOC with neurologic symptoms
• Major medical conditions (e.g., seizure disorders, treatment with anticonvulsant medication, endocrine disorders, significant cardiac pathology)
• Substance dependence, within the past year, or failed urine toxicology on the day of neuroimaging sessions
• Known claustrophobia
• Current Pregnancy
• IQ estimate < 70