Retail Outlet Health Kiosk Hypertension Trial

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in the U.S. as well as the leading cause of health care cost. Hypertension is the leading remediable risk factor for CVD in the U.S. and globally, with prevalence of 29% in U.S. adults. Recent data from NHANES indicate that blood pressure (BP) is not controlled, defined as <140/90 mmHg, in 48% of individuals in the U.S. with hypertension. Strategies to improve hypertension control have focused on the physician-patient interaction at the office visit, system factors in the health care provider system, and extension beyond the traditionally defined health care system. All have had some success but are limited by not reaching individuals outside the clinical encounter or by challenges of scale, scope, and standardization of blood pressure measurement outside the clinical setting. Retail outlet BP devices have the potential to address these limitations by providing free BP measurements to individuals outside the clinical setting and at all times the retail outlet is open. These automated devices are standardized and linked to software with the ability to collect data and provide information to individuals using these devices, thereby providing a platform for an intervention strategy. Higi is a privately owned company that provides health kiosks in retail outlets. Higi presently has 10,800 kiosks in the U.S. with 4,125 in Rite Aid pharmacies. More than 44 million BP measurements per year are obtained at higi kiosks. In the one-year period 7/1/15 to 6/30/16, approximately 727,000 individuals using higi kiosks recorded >3 systolic BP measurements >140/90 mmHg. The investigators propose to target this group using interactive text messaging to activate individuals to take actions to improve BP control. The primary endpoint will be BP control defined as <140/90 mmHg at 12 months post randomization.

Inclusion criteria

• >3 systolic blood pressure measurements >140/90 mmHg (two in the previous 12 months + one at baseline)
• Age 18-85 years
• Weight <300 pounds
• Has a cell phone
• Can provide consent
• Speaks English or Spanish