Restorative Early Sleep Treatment After the Emergency Department

Participants will be patients who present to Henry Ford Hospital's Emergency Department within >72hr following a potential trauma.

Eligible patients will be randomized (1:1) to the active treatment condition (CBT-I or CBT-I&N) or to the control condition (sleep education with or without nightmare education).

Patients with insomnia and comorbid nightmares who are randomized to the active treatment condition will be triaged to CBT-I&N, whereas patients with insomnia and comorbid nightmares who are randomized to the control condition will be triaged to receive sleep education + nightmare education. All other patients with insomnia only will be triaged to receive either CBT-I (active) or sleep education (control).

Inclusion criteria

• Michigan residents treated at Henry Ford Hospital
• Fluent in English
• Age 18 years or older
• Presenting to ED following exposure to Criterion A trauma (exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence) characterized by interpersonal violence (defined as any victimization experience that involved being intentionally and directly harmed by another individual
• i.e., assault with a weapon, physical assault, or sexual assault
• Qualifying trauma occurred within the past ~72hr
• Hospital Mental Health Risk Screen score ≥ 10 (indicating at-risk for developing mental health problems)
• Patient is not in any other cognitive behavioral treatment with a master's level clinician or above
• Patient is appropriate for outpatient treatment and level of acuity does not require inpatient treatment

Exclusion criteria

• Presenting to ED for non-interpersonal trauma
• Defined as any experience that does not involve being intentionally and directly harmed by another individual
• i.e., falls, motor vehicle collisions, self-injury or suicide attempt
• Current or past history of schizophrenia or other psychoses based on EMR data
• Current or past PTSD based on EMR data
• Unmanaged mania or bipolar disorder based on EMR data
• Active, untreated substance use disorder based on EMR data other than alcohol use disorder, cannabis use disorder, nicotine use disorder, or tobacco use disorder
• Active suicidality:
• Presented to ED with self-inflicted injury or attempted suicide
• Current suicidal ideation with intent (with or without a specific plan) within past month
• Suicide attempts during the past three months
• Current homicidal ideation
• Active substance withdrawal
• Pregnant
• Evidence of a current or past traumatic brain injury or loss of consciousness due to head injury at the time of trauma based on EMR data
• No cell phone, email address, or stable home address
• Evidence or risk of ongoing traumatic exposure (e.g., domestic violence)
• Adults in police custody or Dept of Correction patients
• Evidence of altered mental status, inability to understand study procedures/risks, or otherwise unable to give informed consent
• Admission to an intensive care unit, admission or surgery, medical instability or hemodynamic compromise
• Currently engaged in cognitive behavioral treatment
• Currently living in a nursing home
• Currently working non-standard shifts (outside the hours 7am - 6pm)