Respiratory Motion-Corrected Cone-Beam CT and Intratreatment Gating Based on Electromagnetic Transponders to Reduce Target Position Uncertainty in Radiation Treatment of Lung Malignancies

Inclusion criteria

• Histologic proof of malignancy suitable for thoracic radiation therapy
• Patient is planning to undergo radiation therapy for primary or recurrent malignancies of the lung or metastatic malignancies to the lung.
• Age ≥ 18 years old
• Karnofsky Performance Status ≥ 60%
• At least part of the tumor must be visible as observed in a diagnostic or planning CT.
• Able to have bronchoscopic placement of Calypso transponders as confirmed on a recent (within the past 8 weeks) CT scan.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with clinically significant active infections.
• Bronchiectasis in the region of the intended implantation.
• History of hypersensitivity to nickel.
• Other medical condition or laboratory value that would, at the discretion of the investigator, preclude the patient from participation in this clinical study.
• Deemed unable to safely undergo or tolerate flexible bronchoscopy as per institutional guidelines
• Unable to tolerate anesthesia or sedation
• Enrolled in any other clinical studies the investigator believes to be in conflict with this investigation.
• Female patients who are pregnant or nursing

Exclusion criteria

for Calypso transponders:

• Implants in the chest region that contain metal or conductive materials (e.g., metal implants, rods, or plates) which Calypso Medical considers will interfere with the Calypso System's electromagnetic localization.
• Active implanted devices, such as pacemakers, defibrillators, and drug infusion pumps since the effects of the Calypso System operation on these devices are unknown.
• Patients whose lung tumors are being monitored by MR imaging as part of standard clinical care. Implantation of transponders will degrade MR images.
• Posterior lesions that would be >19 cm distance from Calypso detector plate.