Respiratory and Psychological Impact of Elective Surgery of Congenital Lung Malformations

The level of maternal anxiety is measured using the GHQ-12 anxiety scale. The GHQ ( General Health Questionnaire) consists of 12 items, each assessing the severity of a mental problem over the past few weeks. Each reponse is scored from 0 to 3, with a total score ranging from 0 to 36. Higher scores indicate poorer health.

Number of lower respiratory tract infections, either documented (radiological opacity) or not, in the last 12 months and from birth to the date of evaluation

Number of hospitalizations for respiratory reasons in the last 12 months and from birth to the date of evaluation

Number of severe wheezing respiratory exacerbations in the last 12 months, defined as requiring oral corticosteroids, emergency visit and/or hospitalization

Current regular treatment for respiratory purposes, defined as daily treatment for at least 3 consecutive months in the last 12 months

Following parameters will be collected: date of performance, weight and height at date of performance, total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Forced expiratory flow at 25-75% (FEF25-75%), transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLCO). FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75%. These measurements will allow to identify following functional profiles:

• lung function restriction, defined by TLC lower than -1.645 Z score
• airway obstruction, defined by FEV1/FVC lower than -1.645 Z score, and its reversibility, defined by an improvement of at least 12% of the FV1 after inhalation of salbutamol.
• impaired diffusion capacity, defined by DLCO lower than -1.645 Z score.

The parents's declare rate of thoracic deformities

The burden of the medical or surgical follow-up will be evaluated by the number of specialist consultations and the number of CT or MRI scans

The 12-item GHQ (General Health Questionnaire) was designed to be a self-administered screening test aimed at detecting minor psychiatric disorders and had been and validated in different languages, including French. It allows to estimate the prevalence of psychological distress in a given population (34). The GHQ-12 consists of 12 items, each one assessing the severity of a mental problem over the past few weeks, with four response options, and using six positively phrased and six negatively phrased. It takes less than 5 minutes to complete. It is scored from 0 to 3 for each response with a total possible score on the ranging from 0 to 36. High scores indicate worse health.

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y) is a 20-item self-measure of state anxiety level in parents, complementary of GHQ-28. It reflects the current subjective feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, and worry and is widely used both in practice and in clinical research.

The RCMAS is a 37-item, self-report instrument designed to assess the level and nature of anxiety. A Total Anxiety score is computed based on 28 items, which are divided into three anxiety subscales: physiological anxiety (10 items about somatic manifestations of anxiety such as sleep difficulties, nausea and fatigue), worry/oversensitivity (11 items measuring obsessive concerns about a variety of things, most of which are typically vague and ill-defined, as well as fears about being hurt or emotionally isolated), and social concerns/concentration (7 items measuring distracting thoughts and fears that have a social or interpersonal nature). The remaining nine items on the RCMAS constitute the Lie subscale. A high score indicates a high level of anxiety or lie on that subscale.

The WHOQOL-BREF is an abbreviated form of the WHOQOL-100 with only 26 items. It is an instrument for recording subjective quality of life. This is defined as an individual perception of one's own life situation in the context of culture and value system as well as personal goals, expectations, evaluation criteria and interests. It is a self-questionnaire that includes the four domains "physical health", "psychological well-being", "social relationships" and "environment". The items are answered using a five-level scale. The scales have a very high internal consistency. It is validated in several languages, including French.

This questionnaire evaluates the parent's sense of competence in his or her role as an educator and has two components: the "skill/knowledge" factor, which evaluates the respondents' perception of the skills and knowledge they have acquired in order to be adequate parents (8 items); the "value/ease" factor, which evaluates the value that the respondent places on the role of parent, as well as his or her ease in this role (9 items).

The over-protective parental behaviours is defined by the age of attendance in first community (5 or more children), the care arrangements between 0 and 2 years, the after-school activities in the previous year and the travel outside France in the last two years