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NCT Number: NCT07234812

Resistance Exercise and Sleep Quality by Chronotype

This study examines whether doing moderate resistance exercises in the morning can improve sleep quality and well-being in young adults. Participants with different daily activity patterns (morning or evening types) will take part in an 8-week online exercise program. The study will compare how exercise affects sleep, mood, and daily rhythm across these groups.

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Key information

Conditions

Physical Therapy Behavior Chronotype Circadian Rhythm Dyssomnias Health Behavior Health Behavior / Well-Being Mental Disorders Motor Activity Nervous System Diseases Parasomnias Resistance Exercise Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic Sleep Disturbances Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Sleep Quality Sleep Wake Disorders

Age range

18 year–35 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Medipol University

Istanbul, Beykoz/İstanbul, 34810, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location contact

Aliaa Salem Menshawi, PT, MSc

CONTACT

[email protected]

+905527304660

About this study

Disturbed sleep is a widespread issue that affects health, mood, and daily function. Chronotype-the natural tendency to be active earlier or later in the day-may influence how people respond to exercise as a tool for improving sleep.

This trial investigates the effects of an 8-week, moderate-intensity resistance exercise program performed in the morning, delivered through telerehabilitation.

Participants include healthy young adults with self-identified morning or evening chronotypes. The study will measure changes in sleep quality, psychological well-being, alignment of daily rhythms, and will explore whether men and women respond differently to the program..

By comparing outcomes between chronotypes, this research aims to clarify whether exercise benefits are shaped by biological preference for morning or evening activity, or whether improvements occur regardless of chronotype.

The central question is whether improvements occur equally across chronotypes, or if biological preference shapes the response to exercise.

Null Hypothesis (H0): Moderate-intensity morning resistance exercise will have no differential effect on sleep quality, mood, or circadian alignment between participants with morning and evening chronotypes.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1):Moderate-intensity morning resistance exercise will have a differential effect on sleep quality, mood, or circadian alignment between participants with morning and evening chronotypes.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age between 18 and 35 years
  • Generally healthy, with mild to moderate sleep disturbance as categorized by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) < 35 kg/m²
  • No physical or organic limitations or diseases that would prevent participation in physical activity
  • Non-smoker and non-alcoholic
  • Caffeine consumption ≤ 2 cups per day (including coffee and energy drinks)
  • Have not participated in more than 60 minutes/week of usual moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in the past 6 months, categorized as "moderate" on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)
  • No clinically diagnosed sleep apnea or other medical/psychiatric disorders responsible for sleep complaints
  • Regular sleep schedule (no night shifts or transmeridian travel) in the 30 days prior to study enrollment
  • Able to speak and write English

Exclusion criteria

  • Current use of medications or psychotherapeutic drugs for insomnia or other psychiatric disorders
  • Use of melatonin or other sleep aids in the past month
  • Currently performing any aerobic or mind-body exercise classes (e.g., yoga, Pilates)
  • Habitual daytime napping
  • History of epilepsy or other convulsive disorders
  • Pregnant individuals
  • Habitual or recent use (within the past 30 days) of illegal drugs, psychotropic drugs, hypnotics, stimulants, or analgesics

Treatment and study plan

Moderate-Intensity Resistance Exercise Program

Behavioral

An 8-week, moderate-intensity resistance exercise program performed in the morning, 3 sessions/week on nonconsecutive days. Each 45-min session includes: 5-min warm-up (jumping jacks, high knees, running in place, hip hinge with reach, standing twists); 35-min progressive resistance training (Chest Press (Modified Push-Ups), Leg Press (Wall Sits with Squats), Squats, Shoulder Press (Resistance Band Overhead Press), Lat Pulldown (Resistance Band Pull-Downs), Rowing (Resistance Band Rows), Lower Back (Superman Holds), and Abdominals (Plank with Crunches)); and 5-min cool-down (Chest and Shoulder Stretch, Kneeling Hip Flexor Stretch, Standing Hamstring Stretch, Child's Pose with Side Stretch, and Cat-Cow Stretch ). Muscle soreness tracked after each session using 7-point Likert scale. Standardized videos, adherence checklists, resistance bands provided. Both chronotype groups complete identical sessions, outcomes compared.

Other names: Telerehabilitation Exercise, Resistance Training, Exercise Intervention, Strength Training

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Sleep Quality Assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8; primary comparison is change from baseline to Week 8

    Sleep quality will be measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a validated 19-item self-report questionnaire that evaluates sleep patterns over the past month. The PSQI generates seven component scores (subjective sleep quality, latency, duration, efficiency, disturbances, use of medication, daytime dysfunction), which are summed into a global score ranging from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating poorer sleep quality. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (week 0), midpoint (week 4), and end of study (week 8). The primary endpoint is the change in global PSQI score from baseline to week 8, comparing differences between morning and evening chronotype groups following the resistance exercise program.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Circadian Alignment Assessed by Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ)

    Time frame: Baseline and Week 8

    Chronotype and social jetlag will be evaluated using the MCTQ. The endpoint is change in chronotype alignment from baseline to week 8 and its relationship to exercise outcomes.

  2. Change in Mood Assessed by Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS)

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8

    The Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) measures six mood states: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigor. Higher scores reflect greater mood disturbance. Outcomes will track changes in mood from baseline to follow-up. It is a five-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely) according to their current feelings. The mood score is computed as the sum of all 24 items, with higher scores reflecting a greater intensity of that particular mood

  3. Perceived Effort Assessed by OMNI Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Exercise (OMNI-RES)

    Time frame: Throughout Weeks 1-8

    The OMNI-RES is a 0-10 rating scale used to assess perceived exertion during resistance training. Higher scores reflect greater perceived effort. Participants will rate their exertion after each exercise session.

  4. Muscle Soreness Assessed by 7-Point Likert Scale

    Time frame: After each exercise session, Weeks 1-8

    Participants will rate post-exercise soreness from 0 (no soreness) to 6 (severe soreness limiting movement) after each session to monitor tolerance.

  5. Change in Physical Activity Level Assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)

    Time frame: Baseline and Week 8

    The IPAQ-SF will measure weekly physical activity (MET-min/week and sedentary time). Outcomes include classification into low, moderate, or high activity.

  6. Change in Mood Assessed by Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21)

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8

    The DASS-21 is a 21-item questionnaire that evaluates symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms. Outcomes will capture changes in psychological well-being across the intervention period. it is using a 4-point (0-3) Likert-type scale (ranging from "did not apply to me at all" 0, to "applied to me very much or most of the time" 3). Higher scores indicate greater severity of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, with subscale scores ranging from 0 to 42 and total scores from 0 to 126.

  7. Change in Muscle Strength Assessed by One-Repetition Maximum (1RM)

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8

    Muscle strength will be measured using the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test for selected resistance exercises. The primary outcome is change in maximal strength over the intervention period.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Aliaa Salem Menshawi, PT, MSc (Cand.)

CONTACT

[email protected]

+905527304660 ext. +96550268508

Gehad Salem Menshawi, PT, MSc (Cand.)

CONTACT

[email protected]

+905524590178 ext. +201040131964

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Medipol University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effects of Tailored Resistance Exercise on Sleep Quality in Relation to Chronotype

Acronym: TRE-SLEEP

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Nov 18, 2025
Registry last updated
Nov 20, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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