Research Study to Test Safety and Effectiveness of Investigational Drug in Patients With Trigeminal Neuralgia

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, add-on study of lamotrigine in trigeminal neuralgia. Thirty-eight eligible patients with trigeminal neuralgia will be enrolled; nineteen will be randomized to the active medication group and nineteen to the placebo group. Using a daily diary, all patients will document their overall pain level and attack frequency and intensity for four weeks. After the four week baseline period, patients will initiate medication (lamotrigine or placebo). Patients will titrate until either they reach the maximum dose of 400mg per day and up to 700mg for patients on enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs (EIAED's), their side effects inhibit further increases (known as maximum tolerated dose (MTD)), or their trigeminal neuralgia pain resolves (referred to as pain free dose (PFD)) over eight weeks. Patients will remain on a constant dose of prior medications throughout the study. Patients will remain on maximum dose, MTD, or PFD for a maintenance period of at least eight weeks, and at the end of the maintenance period patients who opt to stay on the medication will be unblinded as to medication and dosage. Primary outcome will be average intensity of daily pain.

Inclusion criteria

• Age 18 - 75 yrs
• Male; or non-pregnant/non-lactating female
• Use of adequate birth-control measures as determined by investigator for females of child-bearing potential
• Diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) using IHS (International Headache Society) criteria (see appendix A)
• Able to cooperate with and understand study instructions
• Signed informed consent prior to entering study
• Patients must be on a stable dose of concomitant medications for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) for at least 4 weeks (see below)
• If subject is currently receiving a tricyclic antidepressant, anticonvulsant, and/or Class I antiarrhythmic (e.g., amitriptyline, mexiletine, phenytoin, gabapentin or carbamazepine) for treatment of pain or any other condition, subject must be willing and able to maintain stable doses of these agents within 4 weeks prior to randomization and throughout the study (i.e., doses cannot be increased or decreased during this period).
• Subjects who require "rescue" analgesic medication during the study will be allowed to use increased doses of their current (pre-study) opioid and/or non opioid analgesics as clinically indicated (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, acetaminophen, COX-2 inhibitors, topical analgesics). Subjects will be allowed to use a new analgesic for a limited time for non-neuropathic pain (e.g., headache, sinusitis, strained muscle, minor ache and pain), but will be prohibited from initiating therapy with a new analgesic agent and use it continuously throughout the remainder of the study.
• If subject is not currently receiving a tricyclic antidepressant, anticonvulsant, and/or Class I antiarrhythmic (e.g., amitriptyline, mexiletine, phenytoin, gabapentin or carbamazepine) for treatment of pain or any other condition, subject must be willing and able to abstain from initiation of these agents within 4 weeks prior to randomization and throughout the study.
• Subject must be willing and able to abstain from initiating an alternative therapy (e.g., acupuncture, massage or physical therapy) for pain relief during the study. (NOTE: subjects who are currently using alternative therapy for pain relief can be enrolled if they are willing and able to maintain such therapy stable throughout the study.)

Exclusion criteria

• Serious hepatic, respiratory, hematologic, cardiovascular or renal condition
• Neurologic pain other than TN (trigeminal neuralgia), with the exception of occasional migrainous/ tension-type headaches. (<4 headaches per month)
• Psychiatric or medical condition that might compromise participation in study, as determined by the investigator
• Use of opioid analgesic as treatment of neuralgia (>2 days per week)
• Administration of any investigational drug within 30 days prior to screening
• Concurrent use of sodium valproate
• Current diagnosis of active epilepsy or any active seizure disorder requiring chronic therapy with antiepileptic drug(s)
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• History of substance abuse/ alcoholism