Research Study to Compare a New Medicine "Fast-acting Insulin Aspart" to Another Medicine "Insulin Aspart" in Chinese People With Diabetes

Change from baseline (week 0) in HbA1c (%) as evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period.

Change from baseline (week 0) in HbA1c (mmol/mol) was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period.

Change from baseline (week 0) in 30-minute, 1-hour, 2-hour and 3-hour PPG increment (meal test) was evaluated at 16 weeks. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. Meal test: The participants were given a carbohydrate-rich standardised liquid meal immediately after bolus (faster aspart or NovoRapid) infusion in the morning of the meal test. The participants were to consume the meal as quickly as possible (within 12 minutes) and blood samples were drawn after 30 minutes, 1, 2 and 3 hours from the start of the meal. PPG incremental value for each time point was derived as PPG value at that time point minus the preprandial glucose value.

Change from baseline (week 0) in 30-minute, 1-hour, 2-hour and 3-hour PPG (meal test) was evaluated at 16 weeks. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period. Meal test: The participants were given a carbohydrate-rich standardised liquid meal immediately after bolus (faster aspart or NovoRapid) infusion in the morning of the meal test. The participants were to consume the meal as quickly as possible (within 12 minutes) and blood samples were drawn after 30 minutes, 1, 2 and 3 hours from the start of the meal.

Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period.

Change from baseline (week 0) in mean of the 7-9-7 point SMPG profile was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. 7-9-7 SMPG point profile was performed on the 3 consecutive days just before selected visit. 7-point profile (day 3 and day 1 before selected visit): before breakfast, 60 minutes after the start of breakfast, before lunch, 60 minutes after the start of lunch, before main evening meal, 60 minutes after the start of main evening meal, and at bedtime. 9-point profile (day 2 before selected visit) included all timepoints of 7-points profile with addition of SMPG measurement at 4 a.m. and before breakfast on the following day. The mean of the 7-9-7-point profile was defined as the area under the curve profile divided by the measurement time, and was calculated using the linear trapezoidal technique. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period.

Change from baseline (week 0) in 1-hour PPG (breakfast, lunch, main evening meal and mean over all meals) of the 7-9-7 point SMPG profile was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. 7-9-7 SMPG point profile was performed on the 3 consecutive days just before selected visit. 7-point profile (day 3 and day 1 before selected visit): before breakfast, 60 minutes after the start of breakfast, before lunch, 60 minutes after the start of lunch, before main evening meal, 60 minutes after the start of main evening meal, and at bedtime. 9-point profile (day 2 before selected visit) included all timepoints of 7-points profile with addition of SMPG measurement at 4 a.m. and before breakfast on the following day. Results were derived from the three profiles: post-breakfast, post-lunch, post-main evening meal. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period.

Change from baseline (week 0) in PPG increment of the 7-9-7 point SMPG profile was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. 7-9-7 SMPG point profile was performed on the 3 consecutive days just before selected visit. 7-point profile (day 3 and day 1 before selected visit): before breakfast, 60 minutes after the start of breakfast, before lunch, 60 minutes after the start of lunch, before main evening meal, 60 minutes after the start of main evening meal, and at bedtime. 9-point profile (day 2 before selected visit) included all timepoints of 7-points profile with addition of SMPG measurement at 4 a.m. and before breakfast on the following day. PPG increment for each meal was derived from the 7-point and 9-point profile as the difference between PPG values and the PG value before the meal in each separate profile. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period.

Fluctuation in SMPG profile was the average absolute difference from the mean of the SMPG profile. Change from baseline is represented as ratio to baseline value. 7-9-7 SMPG point profile was performed on the 3 consecutive days just before selected visit. 7-point profile (day 3 and day 1 before selected visit): before breakfast, 60 minutes after the start of breakfast, before lunch, 60 minutes after the start of lunch, before main evening meal, 60 minutes after the start of main evening meal, and at bedtime. 9-point profile (day 2 before selected visit) included all timepoints of 7-points profile with addition of SMPG measurement at 4 a.m. and before breakfast on the following day. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period.

Number of participants who achieved HbA1c < 7% measured as 53 mmol/mol at week 16 is presented. In the reported data, "Yes" infers the number of participants who have achieved HbA1c values < 7% and "No" infers the number of participants who have not achieved HbA1c values < 7%. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period.

Number of participants who achieved HbA1c < 7% (measured as 53 mmol/mol) without severe hypoglycaemia episodes at week 16 is presented. In the reported data, "Yes" infers the number of participants who have achieved HbA1c values < 7% without severe hypoglycaemia episodes and "No" infers the number of participants who have not achieved HbA1c values less than the 7%. without severe hypoglycaemia episodes The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period.

Number of participants who achieved overall PPG (1-hour) ≤ 7.8 mmol/L measured as 140 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) at week 16 is presented. In the reported data, "Yes" infers the number of participants who have achieved overall PPG (1-hour) values ≤ 7.8 mmol/L and "No" infers the number of participants who have not achieved overall PPG (1-hour) values ≤ 7.8 mmol/L. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period.

Number of participants who achieved overall PPG (1-hour) ≤ 7.8 mmol/L (measured as 140 mg/dL) without severe hypoglycaemia at week 16 is presented. In the reported data, "Yes" infers the number of participants who have achieved overall PPG (1-hour) values ≤ 7.8 mmol/L without severe hypoglycaemia and "No" infers the number of participants who have not achieved overall PPG (1-hour) values ≤ 7.8 mmol/L without severe hypoglycaemia. The results are based on the last in-trial value, which included the last available measurement in the in-trial period.

Total basal insulin dose was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period.

Total bolus insulin dose was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period.

Individual meal time bolus insulin dose for breakast, lunch and main evening meal was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period.

Total basal insulin dose was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period

Total bolus insulin dose was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period.

Individual meal time bolus insulin dose for breakast, lunch and main evening meal was evaluated after 16 weeks of randomisation. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period.

Number of treatment emergent adverse events were recorded from week 0 to week 16. An AE was defined as any unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom or disease temporally associated with the use of a product, whether or not considered related to the product. TEAE was defined as an event that had an onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment, and no later than seven days after the last day of exposure to randomised treatment.

Number of treatment emergent injection site reactions were recorded from week 0 to week 16. The results are based on the last on-treatment value, which included the last available measurement in the on-treatment period.

ADA classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) Severe: Requiring assistance to actively administer carbohydrate/glucagon/take other corrective actions. 2) Documented symptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Asymptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L without symptoms. 4) Probable symptomatic: No measurement with symptoms. 5) Pseudo-hypoglycaemia: PG >3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 6) Unclassifiable. NN classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) BG confirmed: PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 2) Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Severe or BG confirmed: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 4) Unclassifiable. Not able to self-treat-unclassifiable: Not able to self-treat but not classifiable as severe hypoglycaemia.

Number of treatment emergent day time hypoglycaemic episodes as per ADA and NN definitions were evaluated. ADA classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) Severe: Requiring assistance to actively administer carbohydrate/glucagon/take other corrective actions. 2) Documented symptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Asymptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L without symptoms. 4) Probable symptomatic: No measurement with symptoms. 5) Pseudo-hypoglycaemia: PG >3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 6) Unclassifiable. NN classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) BG confirmed: PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 2) Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Severe or BG confirmed: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 4) Unclassifiable. Not able to self-treat-unclassifiable: Not able to self-treat but not classifiable as severe hypoglycaemia.

Number of treatment emergent nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes as per ADA and NN definitions were evaluated. ADA classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) Severe: Requiring assistance to actively administer carbohydrate/glucagon/take other corrective actions. 2) Documented symptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Asymptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L without symptoms. 4) Probable symptomatic: No measurement with symptoms. 5) Pseudo-hypoglycaemia: PG >3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 6) Unclassifiable. NN classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) BG confirmed: PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 2) Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Severe or BG confirmed: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 4) Unclassifiable. Not able to self-treat-unclassifiable: Not able to self-treat but not classifiable as severe hypoglycaemia.

Number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episodes as per ADA and NN definitions were evaluated during first 30-mins after start of meal. ADA classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) Severe: Requiring assistance to actively administer carbohydrate/glucagon/take other corrective actions. 2) Documented symptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Asymptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L without symptoms. 4) Probable symptomatic: No measurement with symptoms. 5) Pseudo-hypoglycaemia: PG >3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 6) Unclassifiable. NN classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) BG confirmed: PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 2) Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Severe or BG confirmed: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 4) Unclassifiable. Not able to self-treat-unclassifiable: Not able to self-treat but not classifiable as severe hypoglycaemia.

Number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episodes as per ADA and NN definitions were evaluated during first 1 hour after start of meal. ADA classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) Severe: Requiring assistance to actively administer carbohydrate/glucagon/take other corrective actions. 2) Documented symptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Asymptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L without symptoms. 4) Probable symptomatic: No measurement with symptoms. 5) Pseudo-hypoglycaemia: PG >3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 6) Unclassifiable. NN classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) BG confirmed: PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 2) Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Severe or BG confirmed: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 4) Unclassifiable. Not able to self-treat-unclassifiable: Not able to self-treat but not classifiable as severe hypoglycaemia.

Number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episodes as per ADA and NN definitions were evaluated during first 2 hours after start of meal. ADA classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) Severe: Requiring assistance to actively administer carbohydrate/glucagon/take other corrective actions. 2) Documented symptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Asymptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L without symptoms. 4) Probable symptomatic: No measurement with symptoms. 5) Pseudo-hypoglycaemia: PG >3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 6) Unclassifiable. NN classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) BG confirmed: PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 2) Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Severe or BG confirmed: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 4) Unclassifiable. Not able to self-treat-unclassifiable: Not able to self-treat but not classifiable as severe hypoglycaemia.

Number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episodes as per ADA and NN definitions were evaluated during first 4 hours after start of meal. ADA classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) Severe: Requiring assistance to actively administer carbohydrate/glucagon/take other corrective actions. 2) Documented symptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Asymptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L without symptoms. 4) Probable symptomatic: No measurement with symptoms. 5) Pseudo-hypoglycaemia: PG >3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 6) Unclassifiable. NN classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) BG confirmed: PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 2) Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Severe or BG confirmed: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 4) Unclassifiable. Not able to self-treat-unclassifiable: Not able to self-treat but not classifiable as severe hypoglycaemia.

Number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episodes as per ADA and NN definitions were evaluated from 2 hours to 4 hours after start of meal. ADA classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) Severe: Requiring assistance to actively administer carbohydrate/glucagon/take other corrective actions. 2) Documented symptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Asymptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L without symptoms. 4) Probable symptomatic: No measurement with symptoms. 5) Pseudo-hypoglycaemia: PG >3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 6) Unclassifiable. NN classification of hypoglycaemia as follows: 1) BG confirmed: PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 2) Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Severe or BG confirmed: Severe as per ADA and BG confirmed by PG <3.1 mmol/L with/without symptoms. 4) Unclassifiable. Not able to self-treat-unclassifiable: Not able to self-treat but not classifiable as severe hypoglycaemia.