Reprieve System Pilot Study

Inclusion criteria

• Hospitalized with a diagnosis of heart failure as defined by the presence of at least 1 symptom (dyspnea, orthopnea, or edema/swelling) AND 1 sign (peripheral edema, ascites, jugular venous distension, pulmonary vascular congestion on chest radiography)
• ≥10 lb. (4.5 kg) above dry weight either by historical weights or as estimated by health care provider.
• Patients ≥ 18 years of age able to provide informed consent and comply with study procedures.

Exclusion criteria

• Inability to place Foley catheter or IV catheter or other urologic issues that would predispose the patient to a high rate of urogenital trauma or infection with catheter placement.
• Hemodynamic instability as defined by any of the following: systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, use of vasopressors, use of IV inotropes to treat hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg) or suspected/confirmed low cardiac output/shock, mechanical circulatory support, uncontrolled arrhythmias, active severe bleeding, or confirmed or suspected cardiogenic shock. Note: In the absence of the above conditions, use of inotropes to augment diuresis is permitted.
• Dyspnea due primarily to non-cardiac causes (e.g., severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or pneumonia).
• Acute infection with evidence of systemic involvement (e.g., clinically suspected infection with fever or elevated serum white blood cell count).
• Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 20 ml/min/1.73m2 calculated using the MDRD equation or current use of renal replacement therapy (RRT).
• Significant left ventricular outflow obstruction, uncorrected complex congenital heart disease, known severe stenotic valvular disease, infiltrative or constrictive cardiomyopathy, acute myocarditis, type 1 acute myocardial infarction requiring treatment (within previous week), or any other pathology that, in the opinion of the investigator, would make aggressive diuresis poorly tolerated.
• Inability to follow instructions or comply with follow-up procedures.
• Other concomitant disease or condition that investigator deems unsuitable for the study, including drug or alcohol abuse or psychiatric, behavioral, or cognitive disorders, sufficient to interfere with the patient's ability to understand and comply with the protocol instructions or follow-up procedures.
• Severe baseline electrolyte abnormalities (e.g., serum potassium <3.0 mEq/L or magnesium <1.3 mEq/L). Note: These are based on baseline/screening labs. Subjects whose electrolyte levels are repleted cannot be reassessed for inclusion in the trial.
• Serum sodium <135 mmol/L or history of severe hyponatremia
• Poorly controlled diabetes
• Enrollment in another interventional trial during the index hospitalization
• Life expectancy less than 3 months
• Women who are pregnant or intend to become pregnant.