Renal Blood Flow Measurement With Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Arm 1.

Inclusion criteria

• males and females, age 18-40 years
• willingness to provide written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• history of coronary artery disease (CAD)
• history of renal disease
• risk factors for cardiac disease, renal disease, or atherosclerosis, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, tobacco abuse, hyperlipidemia, family history of CAD or chronic renal failure
• history of liver disease or other significant disease
• pregnant females

Arm 2.

Inclusion criteria

• males and females, age > 18 years
• active hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for at least six months
• any etiology of chronic renal failure except active glomerular nephritis
• presence of two kidneys
• willingness to provide written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• decompensated heart failure (subjects must be on stable medical therapy for one month)
• any previous renal transplant (subjects may be on renal transplant waiting list)
• history of liver disease
• pregnant females

Arm 3.

Inclusion criteria

• males and females, age > 18 years
• documented evidence of renal artery stenosis equivalent to a 75% stenosis by one of the following clinical tests: MRA, Doppler, Renal Angiogram, Abnormal captopril renal scan
• evidence of renal insufficiency with serum creatinine >= 1.3 mg/dL
• presence of two kidneys
• willingness to provide written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• revascularization of stenotic renal artery
• decompensated heart failure (subjects must be on stable medical therapy for one month)
• any previous renal transplant (subjects may be on renal transplant waiting list)
• history of liver disease
• pregnant females