Remdesivir for the Treatment of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Due to RSV in Immunocompromised Individuals

OUTLINE:

Patients receive remdesivir intravenously (IV) over 30-120 minutes on days 1-5, with the option to extend to day 10 at the investigator's discretion, in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo nasal swabs and blood sample collection throughout the study.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up on day 14 and 29.

Inclusion criteria

• Aged ≥ 18 years
• Willing and able to provide written informed consent, or with a legal representative who can provide informed consent (where locally approved)
• RSV confirmed by local lab testing via nucleic acid amplification test (e.g. polymerase chain reaction [PCR] or respiratory viral panel [RVP]) using an upper respiratory tract sample collected within the 5 days prior to day 1 (RDV dosing)
• Symptomatic RSV infection of the upper respiratory tract, with symptom onset and positive microbiologic testing within the 5 days prior to day 1 (RDV dosing). Symptomatic RSV infection is defined as having new upper respiratory symptom(s) or worsening of a pre-existing upper respiratory symptom (if chronic and associated with a previously existing diagnosis, such as chronic lung disease, chronic rhinorrhea, or seasonal allergies)
• Receiving treatment for a refractory or relapsed hematologic malignancy, or received a hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CARTx), or bispecific antibody (bsAb) therapy within the past 365 days (relative to RSV diagnosis date)
• Categorized as moderate-risk (overall score 3-6) or high-risk (overall score 7-10) per an adapted version of the Immunodeficiency Scoring Index (ISI) for RSV, as below, relative to the day of RSV diagnosis:

• 1 point:

• Recent (within the prior 30 days) allogeneic HCT, autologous HCT, or CARTx
• Corticosteroids within the prior 30 days for management of graft versus host disease (GVHD) or cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS).
• 2 points:

• Age ≥ 40 years
• 3 points:

• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 500 cells/μL within the prior 7 days
• Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) < 200 cells/µL within the prior 7 days
• Oxygen saturation (SpO2) 93% or greater on room air and at rest (to be measured after participant has rested in a quiet room for ≥ 2 minutes, with oxygen [O2] saturation probe on finger or earlobe for ≥ 1 minute, with saturation reading remaining ≥ 93%) at screening
• Willingness to take study drug and complete necessary study procedures
• Participants of childbearing potential who engage in heterosexual intercourse must agree to use protocol-specified method(s) of contraception as described

Exclusion criteria

• Received or receiving an approved or authorized direct-acting antiviral therapy with potential efficacy against RSV (e.g. ribavirin) for ≥ 24 hours within the prior 7 days, and/or expected to receive anti-RSV direct-acting antiviral therapies for RSV during the course of the study at the time of screening
• Received or receiving investigational direct-acting antiviral therapies against RSV for the current RSV episode
• Received any investigational anti-RSV monoclonal antibodies or off-label use of approved anti-RSV monoclonal antibodies within < 4 months or < 5 half-lives, whichever is longer, before screening, or expected to receive anti-RSV monoclonal antibodies during the course of the study at the time of screening
• Received an RSV vaccine after cellular therapy or after starting the current antitumor therapeutic regimen
• Participation in any other concurrent clinical trial of an experimental treatment for RSV, including RSV vaccines
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 5 times the upper limit of normal within 7 days prior to screening
• Unable to tolerate nasal sampling required for this study, as determined by the investigator (e.g., history of significant epistaxis, nasopharyngeal anatomical abnormalities, nasal or sinus surgery)
• A life expectancy of three months or less, as determined by the investigator
• Pregnant, as determined by a Point-of-Care urine pregnancy test or reported by the patient or their electronic health record within 7 days of screening
• Receiving, requiring, or expected to require supplemental oxygen for RSV-related illness or SpO2 < 93% at rest < 24 hours prior to study drug administration
• Previous infection or treatment for RSV, or previous treatment or hospitalization for another respiratory viral infection, < 28 days before screening
• Documented positive test for other respiratory viruses concomitantly (limited to influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, or coronavirus [including SARS-CoV-2]) ≤ 7 days prior to screening, as determined by local testing (additional testing not required)
• Clinically significant bacteremia or fungemia ≤ 7 days prior to screening and not adequately treated, as determined by the investigator
• Clinically significant bacterial, fungal, or viral pneumonia within two (2) weeks prior to screening and not adequately treated, as determined by the investigator
• Clinically significant symptoms of CRS or ICANS within the prior 72 hours before screening that is not adequately controlled, as determined by the investigator
• Any inability to take study drug or comply with study procedures that, in the opinion of the investigator, would make the participant unsuitable for the study
• Known hypersensitivity or allergy to the study drug, its metabolites, or formulation excipients