Reliability of a New Balance Assessment System in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Primary outcomes

1. Postural Stability Test

   Time frame: Change from baseline to 7 day

   Stability indices represent fluctuations around the zero point established before testing when the platform is stable. With the "Postural Stability Test", the anteroposterior, right-left, and general stability indexes of the cases will be recorded. During the test, participants will be asked to stand on the force platform with their feet in a comfortable position, arms at their sides, and palms facing toward the thighs. All measurements will be made with bare feet, and without shoes, and foot position will be recorded using coordinates on the platform's grid to ensure consistency in testing. The participant will be asked to stand still looking at the screen in front of him for 30 seconds. There will be a 1-minute rest break between measurements and they will be performed 3 times. The participant's Postural Stability will be assessed with Postural Stability Test.

2. Limits of Stability

   Time frame: Change from baseline to 7 day

   In this test, the participant stands on force plates and deliberately shifts his or her body weight in the direction indicated on the screen without lifting his or her feet off the ground. This protocol measures various movement characteristics in 8 different directions: front, forward/right, right, back/right, back, back/left, left, and forward/left. During the test, participants will be asked to stand on the force platform with their feet in a comfortable position, arms at their sides, and palms facing toward the thighs. Direction control (%) and test times (sec) in all directions of the participants, who will move in 8 different directions sequentially, will be recorded. There will be a 1-minute rest break between measurements and they will be performed 3 times. The participant's Limits of Stability will be assessed with Limits of Stability Test.

3. Sensory Integration Test

   Time frame: Change from baseline to 7 day

   The test decides which of the visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive information is used to provide orientation to maintain balance in different situations. During the test, visual and proprioceptive stimuli are disrupted and the ability to maintain the center of gravity is evaluated. The test consists of 4 different situations that gradually become more difficult: Situation 1: Eyes open; firm surface Situation 2: Eyes closed; firm surface Situation 3: Eyes open; foam surface Situation 4: Eyes closed; foam surface All measurements will be made with bare feet, and without shoes, and foot position will be recorded using coordinates on the platform's grid to ensure consistency in testing. The participant will be asked to stand still looking at the screen in front of him for 30 seconds. There will be a 1-minute rest break between measurements and they will be performed 3 times. The participant's Sensory Integration will be assessed with Sensory Integration Test.

4. Bilateral Comparison Test

   Time frame: Change from baseline to 7 day

   Bilateral Comparison test demonstrates postural stability by measuring the individual's ability to stand on one leg with eyes open and closed. On the balance platform, the individual stands on one leg with his hands at hip level. The test is repeated for the right foot and left foot. For both feet, 3 trials with eyes open and 3 trials with eyes closed are made. Each trial lasts 30 seconds. What is required from the individual is to remain stable on one leg as much as possible without losing balance. All measurements will be made with bare feet, and without shoes, and foot position will be recorded using coordinates on the platform's grid to ensure consistency in testing. The participant's Bilateral Comparison will be assessed with Bilateral Comparison Test.

5. Multimodal Functional Reach Test

   Time frame: Change from baseline to 7 day

   Multimodal functional reaching test is performed in three different positions: front, back, and side.

   In the functional forward reach test, the patient stands with the arm flexed at 90° and the fist closed, not touching but close to the wall. Three attempts are made and the average of these attempts is taken.

   In the functional back reach test, the patient stands with the arm flexed at 90° and the fist closed, not touching but close to the wall. Three attempts are made and the average of these attempts is taken.

   In the functional lateral reach test, the patient stands with his back to the wall, without touching the wall, keeping his arm in 90° abduction and his fist closed. Three attempts are made and the average of these attempts is taken. The participant's Multimodal Functional Reach balance will be assessed with Multimodal Functional Reach Test.

6. One Leg Stance Test

   Time frame: Change from baseline to 7 day

   The one-leg stance test demonstrates postural stability by measuring the individual's ability to stand on one leg with eyes open and closed. The individual stands on one leg with his hands at hip level. The test is repeated for the right foot and left foot. For both feet, 3 trials with eyes open and 3 trials with eyes closed are made. Each trial lasts 30 seconds. What is required from the individual is to remain stable on one leg as much as possible without losing balance. The participant's One Leg Stance balance will be assessed with One Leg Stance Test.