Relative Bioavailability of Tipranavir (TPV)/Ritonavir (RTV) at Steady State Administered as Oral Solutions vs. Capsules in the Fed and Fasted State in Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Male and female subjects 18 to 65 years of age inclusive
• A Body Mass Index (BMI): ≥18.5 and ≤35 kg/m2
• Signed informed consent prior to performance of any study procedures
• Ability to swallow multiple large capsules without difficulty
• Screening laboratory values within the normal range. Inclusion of any subject with an abnormal laboratory value was subject to approval by the BI trial clinical monitor
• Acceptable medical history, physical examination, and 12-lead ECG at screening
• Willingness to abstain from the following starting 5 days prior to administration of any study medication and up until the end of the study:

• Grapefruit or grapefruit juice, red wine, Seville oranges, St. John's Wort and Milk Thistle
• Willingness to abstain from the following starting 3 days prior to administration of any study medication up to the end of the study:

• Garlic supplements and methylxanthine containing foods or drinks (including coffee, tea, cola, energy drinks, chocolate, etc.), apples and apple juice
• Willingness to abstain from over-the-counter herbal medications for the duration of the study
• Are non-smokers
• Willingness to abstain from vigorous physical exercise during intensive pharmacokinetic days 10, 11, 14, 15
• Reasonable probability for completion of the study

Exclusion criteria

• Participation in another trial with an investigational medicine within 2 months prior to Day 0 of this study
• Female subjects of reproductive potential who:

• Have a positive pregnancy test
• Have not been using a barrier method of contraception for at least 3 months prior to participation in the study
• Are not willing to use a reliable method of barrier contraception (such as diaphragm with spermicidal cream/jelly or condoms with spermicidal foam), during and 60 days after completion/termination of the trial
• Are breast-feeding
• Use any pharmacological contraceptive (including oral, patch or injectable contraceptives) within 1 month prior to Day 0 and for the duration of the study. Due to long half-life, subjects using Depo-Provera® within 6 months prior to Day 1 are excluded from participation in this study
• Use of hormone replacement therapy within 1 month prior to Day 0 and anytime during the study
• Use of any medication listed in Protocol within 30 days prior to Day 0 of this study
• Administration of antibiotics within 15 days prior to Day 0 and anytime during the study
• History of acute illness within 60 days prior to Day 0

• Subjects will be excluded for acute illnesses that occurred more than 60 days prior to Day 0 if, in the opinion of the investigator, the subject did not qualify as a healthy volunteer
• Serological evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV)
• Serological evidence of exposure to HIV
• Alcohol or substance abuse within 1 year prior to screening or during the study
• Blood or plasma donations within 30 days prior to Day 0 or during the study
• Subjects with a history of any illness or allergy that, in the opinion of the investigator, might have confounded the results of the study or pose additional risk in administering TPV, or RTV to the subject
• Subjects who have taken (within 7 days prior to Day 0) any over-the-counter or prescription medication that, in the opinion of the investigator in consultation with the sponsor's clinical monitor, might have interfered with absorption, distribution, or metabolism of the study medications
• Known hypersensitivity to sulphonamide class of drugs
• Known hypersensitivity to TPV, RTV, or antiretroviral drugs (marketed or experimental use as part of clinical research studies)
• Known elevated liver enzymes in past trials with any compound
• Known allergy to nuts or nut products (A spoonful of peanut or hazelnut butter was taken immediately before administration of TPV or RTV oral solution, to help mask the taste of the solutions)
• Inability to adhere to the protocol
• Inability to consume a standard high-fat meal
• Cautions or warnings in the package insert which, in the opinion of the investigator, constituted grounds for subject exclusion