Regenerative Treatment of Peri-implantitis

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory response that leads to irreversible loss of implant supporting bone. This study will investigate the regenerative outcomes obtained with two membranes for surgical reconstructive treatment of peri-implantitis defects when the implant is submerged and primary wound closure is obtained. In one group the newly designed d-PTFE membrane with macropores, known as the RPM membrane will be utilized, which will be compared to the traditional collagen membrane used in the other group. The clinical, radiographic, and histologic outcomes for the regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis when utilizing the same bone graft in combination with either a collagen membrane or the RPM will be evaluated via a parallel-arm randomized controlled clinical trial.

32 patients with peri-implantitis will be recruited and randomized to receive peri-implantitis treatment with either a collagen membrane or an RPM membrane.

Inclusion criteria

• Age ≥ 18 years
• Physical status according to the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) I or II, which include patients who are systematically healthy or may suffer from mild to moderate, however well-controlled systemic diseases.
• Subjects having at least one dental implant with peri-implantitis according to the definition proposed by the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions (Berglundh et al., 2018):
• Full-mouth plaque score and full-mouth bleeding score ≤ 20% (measured at four sites per tooth)
• Correct 3-dimensional implant positioning, or buccal position ≤ 1 mm
• Implants which have been in function for at least 6 months

Exclusion criteria

• A clearly mal-positioned dental implant
• Significant interproximal horizontal bone loss (more than 50% of implant fixture length)
• A mobile dental implant
• Presence of uncontrolled or untreated periodontal disease
• More than 2 weeks usage of antibiotics in the past two months
• Subjects taking medications known to modify bone metabolism or those that can interfere with the normal wound healing (such as bisphosphonates, corticosteroids, hormone replacement therapy, parathyroid hormone, denosumab, strontium ranelate, etc.), or those with uncontrolled systemic diseases or conditions that may similarly affect the patient's healing (osteoporosis, osteopenia, hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease, uncontrolled diabetes (HBA1c > 8)).
• Pregnant subjects or individuals attempting to get pregnant (self-reported)
• Subjects smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day, or those with a history of drug or alcohol abuse (self-reported)
• Subjects unable to maintain adequate oral hygiene (O'Leary plaque index more than 50%) (O'Leary et al., 1972)
• Any other contraindications for undergoing periodontal surgery