"Referral Attivo" Delta, Dallo Screening Alla Presa in Carico.

Hepatitis Delta (HDV) is the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis, associated with high morbidity and mortality, and affects only HBsAg-positive patients. Despite its severity, it remains largely underdiagnosed due to limited awareness among physicians and the absence of automatic screening. Current guidelines recommend testing all HBsAg-positive patients for anti-HDV, but in clinical practice this is rarely implemented.

The introduction of an "HDV-reflex" screening strategy, already successfully adopted in other countries, would allow for earlier identification of affected patients and improved clinical management, especially in light of the recent availability of new therapeutic options.

The HDV-reflex test will increase the number of patients screened for this virus, enabling an accurate estimate of HDV prevalence among HBV-positive individuals. It will also improve referral pathways and indications for antiviral treatment, and over time reduce the number of patients presenting at their first hepatology consultation with advanced HDV-related disease (such as HCC or decompensated liver disease requiring transplantation).

Inclusion criteria

• Patients aged ≥18 years.
• Hospitalized at the Department of Medicine of ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII in Bergamo, or attending the SerD or the Penitentiary Health Service of Bergamo.
• HBsAg positivity.
• Obtaining informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Lack of informed consent