REducing the Risk of COgnitive DEcline ad Dementia in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline Through an Immersive Virtual Reality and Telemedicine-based Multi-component Intervention: the SCD-ReCODED Study

The Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (short form - FNAME12) is an associative long-term memory task that requires the participant to learn and retrieve 12 novel face-name and face-occupation pairs. It consists of two learning phases, followed by an immediate cued recall and a 30-min delayed recall and recognition trial. For each trial, scores range from 0 to 12, where higher scores indicate better memory performance.

The Visual Short-Term Memory Binding Test is a recognition task based on a change detection paradigm for arrays of stimuli presented on a computer screen. Two conditions are investigated, that is, a shape-only condition as the first and a shape-color condition as the second. In both conditions, participants are asked to remember visual arrays of two or three black polygons (in the shape-only condition) or colored polygons (in the shape-color condition) presented for 2 s (study phase). For each condition, scores range from 0 to 32, where higher scores indicate better memory performance.

The Spatial pattern separation test assesses the ability to differentiate partially overlapping patterns of activation in order to retrieve one pattern as separate from others that are similar. Specifically, it consists of 36 trials, in which the participant is required to learn the location of a grey circle on a sceen; then the participant is required to recognize the position of the previously-learned grey circle with respect to a foil located either to the left or the right of the target. Scores range from 0 to 36, where higher scores indicate better memory performance.

The Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire assesses the subjective experience of memory decline. It consists of two sections. Part I provides a global evaluation of memory concerns responses to four general questions (4 items); Part II provides an evaluation of memory concerns in daily life (27 items). For each of the 31 items, participants are asked to respond on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = No, it does not happen to me; 2 = Sometimes, but it does not worry me; 3 = Yes and it worries me; 4 = Yes and it constitutes a problemin at least one area ofmy life, e.g., work, family, leisure, relationships). Scores range from 31 to 124. Higher scores are indicative of more serious memory complaints.

Connectomics changes after intervention will be investigated between pairs of regions of the whole brain (with particular interest in areas mainly involved in training-related cognitive processes) and in the global and local topological properties of large-scale networks through graph theoretical approach.

It is a brief self-report questionnaire in which participants are asked to respond to the 30 questions by answering yes or no in reference to how they felt on the day of administration. Scores range from 0 to 30, where higher scores indicate higher depression.

It is a brief self-report questionnaire to measure the presence and severity of current symptoms of anxiety and a generalized propensity to be anxious. There are two subscales within this measure: the State Anxiety Scale (S-Anxiety), which evaluates the current state of anxiety, and the Trait Anxiety Scale (T-Anxiety), which evaluates relatively stable aspects of "anxiety proneness". Range of scores for each subtest is 20-80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.

The Apathy Evaluation Scale is a four-point Likert-Scale measure, composed of 18 items that assess and quantify emotional, behavioural and cognitive aspects of apathy. Every item is rated on a four-point response scale (0 = not at all true/characteristic to 3 = very much true/characteristic). Higher scores indicate more severe apathy.

The 36-Item Health Survey taps eight health concepts, including physical functioning, emotional well-being, social functioning, energy/fatigue, and general health perceptions. It also includes a single item that provides an indication of perceived change in health. Scores range from 0 to 100, where higher scores define a more favorable health state.