Rapid Intravascular Cooling in Myocardial Infarction as Adjunctive to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

The CCS is an endovascular thermal control system that circulates cooled saline through an indwelling central venous catheter in a closed-loop manner. The system has received 510(k) approval from the FDA for use in temperature management in neuro-surgical and cardiac patients during surgery and in recovery/intensive care. It has also received European CE mark and Australian TGA approval. Animal data in a model of acute myocardial infraction support the hypothesis that rapid cooling, prior to acute PCI, may reduce infarct size. Meta-analysis of the previous acute MI trials ICE-IT (N = 228; 1:1 randomization, hypothermia : control, Innercool Therapies, Inc.) and COOL MI-I (Radiant Medical, Inc) suggests there is a reduction in infarct size as measured by 30-day SPECT in the population of patients with anterior MIs who were cooled below 35 C prior to PCI.

This study is designed to investigate the safety, feasibility and efficacy of rapid endovascular cooling in the setting of acute PCI in patients with anterior infarctions.

Inclusion criteria

Each eligible patient must meet the following inclusion criteria :

• Have ECG evidence of ongoing acute anterior myocardial infarction, involving a large area of myocardium, as defined by the following ECG criteria: a. Anterior infarct: ST-segment elevation >0.2mV measured 0.08 sec after the J point in 2 or more anatomically contiguous precordial leads, V1 through V4; and/or >0.2mV in lead V5 V6
• Present to the RAPID MI-ICE site within six (6) hours of the onset of acute cardiac ischemic signs or symptoms (such as chest pain or pressure, arm or jaw pain, dyspnea, nausea/vomiting, or syncope)
• Be a candidate for PCI and have PCI planned as the immediate intervention.
• Be willing and able to comply with study procedures, including returning for the MRI scan at 4 ±2 days and return for the clinical examination on Day 30
• Provide written informed consent prior to the initiation of study-specific procedures
• Be in Killips Class I

Exclusion criteria

Patients are not eligible for the study if they meet one or more of the following criteria:

• Age less than eighteen (<18) years of age
• Age greater than seventy-five (>75) years of age
• Are pregnant
• Have a suspected aortic dissection
• History of a prior anterior myocardial infarct or prior large myocardial infarct.
• The suspected etiology of myocardial infarction is primarily related to substance abuse (e.g., cocaine, methamphetamine, etc.)
• Acute administration of a thrombolytic agent for the qualifying MI
• If (during the screening process) the determination is made by site-study personnel that initiation of cooling prior to diagnostic coronary angiography is technically not feasible for any reason (should the patient be randomized to the Hypothermia Arm), the prospective subject should not be enrolled
• Require an immediate surgical or procedural intervention other than PCI (e.g. CABG)
• Present in cardiogenic shock or with end-stage cardiomyopathy
• Have undergone at least ten (10) minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior to presentation to the PCI facility
• History of previous MI with known, pre-existing, anterior pathologic Q-waves
• History of surgical coronary artery revascularization (e.g., CABG, MIDCAB, or OPCAB)
• Recent stroke (within 3 months)
• Active bleeding, coagulopathy, or other contraindication to the placement of a heparin-coated 14F central venous catheter via a 14F femoral venous introducer sheath (e.g., known history of heparin induced thrombocytopenia, or IVC filter)
• Contraindications to hypothermia, such as patients with known hematologic dyscrasias which affect thrombosis (e.g., cryoglobulinemia, sickle cell disease, serum cold agglutinins) or vasospastic disorders (such as Raynaud's or thromboangitis obliterans)
• Personal or familial history of malignant hyperthermia
• Known end-stage renal disease (ESRD; e.g., on dialysis, or status-post renal transplant), known hepatic failure (e.g., cirrhosis, or acute hepatitis), or any other contraindication to receiving meperidine (such as use of MAO inhibitors within previous 14 days, history of seizures, history of hypersensitivity to meperidine, etc.) [Note: Patients with a contraindication to buspirone administration may be enrolled but should not be given buspirone as part of the anti-shivering regimen.]
• Any other acute or chronic condition which the Investigator believes will unacceptably increase the risk of study participation or interfere with study procedures and assessments
• Deemed unsuitable by the investigators to participate in the study.
• Signs of cardiogenic shock or other signs of significant heart failure such as rales over the lungs
• Active or recent (within 1 month prior to study enrollment) participation in another investigational clinical research study