Randomized Controlled Trial on Precision Mental Health

It includes 9 items to assess the extent to which respondents are bothered by depression-related symptoms using a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). PHQ-9 has been validated and used widely in the general population for screening and measuring depression severity. Scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 denote mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe levels of depression respectively (range: 0-27). PHQ-9 has sensitivity of 0.88 and specificity of 0.88 in detecting major depressive disorder (MDD) at a cut-off of 10. The internal consistency reliability of the Chinese version of the scale was 0.86.

It includes 9 items to assess the extent to which respondents are bothered by depression-related symptoms using a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). PHQ-9 has been validated and used widely in the general population for screening and measuring depression severity. Scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 denote mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe levels of depression respectively (range: 0-27). PHQ-9 has sensitivity of 0.88 and specificity of 0.88 in detecting major depressive disorder (MDD) at a cut-off of 10. The internal consistency reliability of the Chinese version of the scale was 0.86.

It is a 7-item scale to assess the extent to which respondents are bothered by anxiety-related symptoms using a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). Scores of 5, 10, and 15 denote the mild, moderate, and severe levels of anxiety respectively (range: 0-21). At a cut-off of 10, GAD-7 has sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.82 in detecting generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The internal consistency of the Chinese version was 0.93.

It is a 7-item scale to assess the extent to which respondents are bothered by anxiety-related symptoms using a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). Scores of 5, 10, and 15 denote the mild, moderate, and severe levels of anxiety respectively (range: 0-21). At a cut-off of 10, GAD-7 has sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.82 in detecting generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The internal consistency of the Chinese version was 0.93.

It contains 7 positively phrased items on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (none of the time) to 5 (all of the time). Total scores ranged from 7 to 35, where higher scores indicated higher overall mental well-being. SWEMWBS satisfies the strict criteria for measurement demanded by the RASCH model and is preferable to the original 14-item WEMWBS scale. The Chinese version of SWEMWBS is reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and has been validated among a sample in Hong Kong.

It contains 7 positively phrased items on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (none of the time) to 5 (all of the time). Total scores ranged from 7 to 35, where higher scores indicated higher overall mental well-being. SWEMWBS satisfies the strict criteria for measurement demanded by the RASCH model and is preferable to the original 14-item WEMWBS scale. The Chinese version of SWEMWBS is reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and has been validated among a sample in Hong Kong.

The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire includes 15 items to measure experiential avoidance in 2 subscales: cognitive avoidance and behavioral avoidance. Items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree). Item 6 is reverse-coded. The BEAQ shows good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80-0.89) for various samples.

The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire includes 15 items to measure experiential avoidance in 2 subscales: cognitive avoidance and behavioral avoidance. Items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree). Item 6 is reverse-coded. The BEAQ shows good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80-0.89) for various samples.

The 9-item short version of Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale measures changes in activation and avoidance in the previous week. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 6 (completely). Items 1, 6, 7, and 8 are reverse-coded. Higher scores on the total score represent increased activation. The BADS-SF has demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82), construct validity, and predictive validity.

The 9-item short version of Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale measures changes in activation and avoidance in the previous week. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 6 (completely). Items 1, 6, 7, and 8 are reverse-coded. Higher scores on the total score represent increased activation. The BADS-SF has demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82), construct validity, and predictive validity.

The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale - Short Version contains 12 items on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (not at all characteristic of me) to 5 (entirely characteristic of me). It includes 2 subscales, prospective anxiety and inhibitory anxiety, which measure the approach-oriented and avoidance-oriented responses to uncertainty respectively. IUS-12 shows good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91) and convergent validity

The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale - Short Version contains 12 items on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (not at all characteristic of me) to 5 (entirely characteristic of me). It includes 2 subscales, prospective anxiety and inhibitory anxiety, which measure the approach-oriented and avoidance-oriented responses to uncertainty respectively. IUS-12 shows good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91) and convergent validity

It is a 10-item survey to assess two emotion-regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). It demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability.

It is a 10-item survey to assess two emotion-regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). It demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability.

It includes 18 items to measure the degree of physical, cognitive and social concerns about anxiety using a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (very little) to 4 (very much). ASI-3 is reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79-0.91) with good convergent, discriminant and criterion-related validity and is preferable to the original ASI scale.

It includes 18 items to measure the degree of physical, cognitive and social concerns about anxiety using a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (very little) to 4 (very much). ASI-3 is reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79-0.91) with good convergent, discriminant and criterion-related validity and is preferable to the original ASI scale.

5 items from the brooding subscale are adopted to assess the passive thoughts to compare the current state with unrealistic standards using a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (almost never) to 4 (almost always). The brooding subscale demonstrated reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.77) and significant predictivity in depressive symptoms. The Chinese version of the scale was reliable and valid in examining rumination

5 items from the brooding subscale are adopted to assess the passive thoughts to compare the current state with unrealistic standards using a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (almost never) to 4 (almost always). The brooding subscale demonstrated reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.77) and significant predictivity in depressive symptoms. The Chinese version of the scale was reliable and valid in examining rumination

Nonattachment Scale-Short Form (NAS-SF) includes 8 items to measure nonattachment using 6-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree). It yielded satisfactory internal consistency and validity.

Nonattachment Scale-Short Form (NAS-SF) includes 8 items to measure nonattachment using 6-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree). It yielded satisfactory internal consistency and validity.

Two items adopted previous studies measure the need for autonomy. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree)

It includes 9 items to assess the extent to which respondents are bothered by depression-related symptoms using a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). PHQ-9 has been validated and used widely in the general population for screening and measuring depression severity. Scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 denote mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe levels of depression respectively (range: 0-27). PHQ-9 has sensitivity of 0.88 and specificity of 0.88 in detecting major depressive disorder (MDD) at a cut-off of 10. The internal consistency reliability of the Chinese version of the scale was 0.86.

It includes 9 items to assess the extent to which respondents are bothered by depression-related symptoms using a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). PHQ-9 has been validated and used widely in the general population for screening and measuring depression severity. Scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 denote mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe levels of depression respectively (range: 0-27). PHQ-9 has sensitivity of 0.88 and specificity of 0.88 in detecting major depressive disorder (MDD) at a cut-off of 10. The internal consistency reliability of the Chinese version of the scale was 0.86.

It is a 7-item scale to assess the extent to which respondents are bothered by anxiety-related symptoms using a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). Scores of 5, 10, and 15 denote the mild, moderate, and severe levels of anxiety respectively (range: 0-21). At a cut-off of 10, GAD-7 has sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.82 in detecting generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The internal consistency of the Chinese version was 0.93.

It is a 7-item scale to assess the extent to which respondents are bothered by anxiety-related symptoms using a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). Scores of 5, 10, and 15 denote the mild, moderate, and severe levels of anxiety respectively (range: 0-21). At a cut-off of 10, GAD-7 has sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.82 in detecting generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The internal consistency of the Chinese version was 0.93.

It contains 7 positively phrased items on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (none of the time) to 5 (all of the time). Total scores ranged from 7 to 35, where higher scores indicated higher overall mental well-being. SWEMWBS satisfies the strict criteria for measurement demanded by the RASCH model and is preferable to the original 14-item WEMWBS scale. The Chinese version of SWEMWBS is reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and has been validated among a sample in Hong Kong.

It contains 7 positively phrased items on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (none of the time) to 5 (all of the time). Total scores ranged from 7 to 35, where higher scores indicated higher overall mental well-being. SWEMWBS satisfies the strict criteria for measurement demanded by the RASCH model and is preferable to the original 14-item WEMWBS scale. The Chinese version of SWEMWBS is reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and has been validated among a sample in Hong Kong.

It includes 20 items to measure mindfulness in 5 subscales: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging, and nonreacting. Items are rated on a 5-point scale from 1 (never or very rarely true) to 5 (very often true or always true). The FFMQ-C shows good test-retest reliability (0.88) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80-0,83) for various samples.

It includes 20 items to measure mindfulness in 5 subscales: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging, and nonreacting. Items are rated on a 5-point scale from 1 (never or very rarely true) to 5 (very often true or always true). The FFMQ-C shows good test-retest reliability (0.88) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80-0,83) for various samples.