Radiographical, Histomorphometrical and Biomarker Analysis After Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Utilizing Xenograft Particulate Bone Graft Mixed With Parathyroid Hormone

Inclusion criteria

• Healthy individuals without any systemic disease/local pathological lesion at the sinus zone that compromise the bone healing potential.
• Fair to good oral hygiene.
• Patient's age ≥ 18 years.
• The RBH was 3 mm or less. Atrophic edentulous posterior maxillary ridge (missing tooth or teeth in the sinus zone), with adequate ridge width (≥ 5 mm) to accommodate an average DI diameter and to gain primary implant stability.
• Healed planned implant insertion site.

Exclusion criteria

• Medically compromised patients with any of the following conditions that could interfere with normal healing potential or osseointegration such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, currently on chemotherapy, corticosteroid or bisphosphonate, radiotherapy of the head and neck in the past 2 years, bleeding disorders, ongoing pregnancy, thyroid hormones problems and psychiatric disorders.
• The RBH ˃ 3 mm.
• Thickness of the SM ˃ 5 mm.
• Maxillary sinusitis (acute and chronic) or any other pathologies in the MS.
• Previous MS surgery.
• Heavy smoking ˃ 20 cigarettes daily and/or alcohol abuse.
• Parafunctional habits such as severe bruxism and clenching.