Radiographic Assessment of Deproteinized Porcine Versus Bovine Bone Mineral in Sinus Augmentation

Inclusion criteria

• Aged between 18 and 80 years;
• Single or multiple missing teeth in the posterior maxilla with a healing period of at least 3 months;
• Complete baseline data and surgical records;
• Underwent LSFA with simultaneous placement of a single implant, grafted exclusively with either DBBM (Bio-Oss®, 0.25-1.0 mm, Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) or DPBM (THE Graft®, 0.25-1.0 mm, Purgo Biologics, Seoul, Korea);
• Available CBCT images obtained preoperatively (T0), immediately postoperatively (T1), and at 6 months postoperatively (T2);
• RBH ≤6 mm shown by CBCT at T0 at the edentulous site;
• No systemic disease, untreated periapical pathology or active periodontitis;
• Provision of written informed consent for the implant surgery by the patient or their legal guardian.

Exclusion criteria

• Uncontrolled systemic diseases or any bone-metabolism diseases;
• Pregnancy or lactation;
• Head and neck radiation therapy within the past 5 years;
• acute and chronic inflammation in the maxillary sinus;
• Additional vertical or horizontal bone augmentation procedures besides LSFA;
• Use of graft materials other than the specified DBBM or DPBM, or use of composite grafts;
• Heavy smoking (≥20 cigarettes/day), alcohol abuse, or history of substance abuse;
• Placement of multiple implants in the same grafted site (excluded to avoid within-patient confounding).