Radial Artery Occlusion and Dual Artery Hemostasis After Transradial Approach.

Radial Artery Occlusion (RAO) is the most common peri-procedural complication after a trans-radial catheterization,

Although usually asymptomatic, RAO may prevent the use of radial artery access in future catheterization should the patient need one; the use And the artery cannot be used as an alternate graft in case the patient is referred for aorto-coronary bypass surgery.

Recent data has demonstrated a clinical benefit for the use of radial artery over a venous graft for patients requiring artery bypass grafts.

Current international recommendations suggest limiting the risk of RAO to less than 5% upon discharge from hospital. To do this a change of method, ie performing a non-occlusive hemostasis of the radial artery is the most effective method to limit the risk of RAO. Unfortunately, this method takes time and requires repeated interventions by nurses, which has limited its application worldwide. In addition, simple hemostasis systems (on radial artery alone) can only achieve non-occlusive hemostasis in 60-75% of cases.

On the other hand, it has been shown that by applying simultaneous pressure to the two arteries of the wrist (the radial artery and the cubital artery), one could obtain a non-occlusive hemostasis of the radial artery in more than 95% of cases and the level of RAO was reduced < 2%. However, the handling of 2 separate hemostasis systems again requires repeated intervention by the nursing staff and therefore burdens the monitoring procedure.

The device Terry2™ band applies simultaneous differential compression to the radial artery and the cubital artery. Its mechanism of action aims to accelerate the time of hemostasis, reduce nursing work, improve patient comfort and minimize the risk of radial artery occlusion during and after hemostasis.

Hypotheses:

• The Terry2™ band provides fast and safe non-occlusive radial hemostasis that limits the risk of RAO.
• The Terry2™ band is associated with increased patient comfort, reduced staff work and a minimized risk of RAO after radial catheterization.

Procedures:

At the end of the radial approach procedure, patients will have a Terry2 band installed™ according to the instructions for use. Staff will be trained on the use of the device by means of an educational video. Once the device is installed, a check for the presence of non-occlusive hemostasis will be done before the patient has returned to their room.

Once the hemostasis is completed, the permeability of the radial artery is again checked by pulse oximetry. In case of doubt about the permeability of the instrumented artery, it is recommended to validate with an ultrasound-doppler.

Rates of RAO and other access site complications, total nursing time involved and patient comfort will be evaluated.

Inclusion criteria

• Any patient referred for diagnostic or interventional catheterization through radial or cubital approach

Exclusion criteria

• Unable to understand the study design and sign an informed consent
• Unable to receive antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and/or clopidogrel-prasugrel and/or ticagrelor and intravenous anticoagulant treatment with heparin or bivalirudin
• Presence of any local conditions like hematoma or pseudo-aneurysms precluding radial or cubital access.
• Presence of PPG while simultaneously compressing the radial and cubital arteries (due to collateral branches or interosseous artery), which prevents the establishment of non-occlusive hemostasis with the Terry2(TM) band.