Racial and Aging Effects of Acute Antioxidant Supplementation

The overall goal of this application is to investigate the effect of aging on how acute antioxidant supplementation affects decrements in arterial function observed in African Americans (AA). Additionally, this application will facilitate the applicant's emergence as an independent investigator in integrative clinical physiology. Oxidative stress (OS), contributes to hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, atherosclerosis, sepsis and aging. Increased OS leads to the development of endothelial dysfunction and subsequent development of cardiovascular disease through the inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) by superoxide (O2) and other free radicals. African Americans (AA) have increased OS and inflammation in vivo and in vitro, and have a lower serum concentration of most antioxidants. Endothelial cells of AAs have steady state NO/ O2/ONOO- balance that is close to redox state, which is a characteristic of endothelium impaired function disorders. Endothelium-derived NO is a vasodilator and inhibits monocyte adhesion and platelet activity and therefore is important in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. These specific differences in OS could be a contributing mechanism to the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, especially hypertension and heart failure, observed in AA. Aging causes increases in OS, endothelial dysfunction, and decreased arterial compliance, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Acute supra-physiological dosages of antioxidants have been shown to transiently restore endothelial function in older adults and patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension by scavenging free radicals.However, it is unknown if acute antioxidant supplementation can diminish differences in vascular function between AA and Caucasians (CA). It is also unknown if acute antioxidant supplementation with known efficacy will differentially affect blood flow in AA vs CA during exercise.

Inclusion criteria

• 18-35 or 55-75 years of age
• General Good health
• Without diagnosed atherosclerotic disease
• Without metabolic or inflammatory disease
• Do not use antioxidant vitamin supplementation
• Do not use anti-inflammatory medication within last 2 weeks
• Do not use steroidal substances within past 2 weeks
• Participants on medications (not listed in the Exclusion Criteria) will take medication as normal on all days of study visits.

Exclusion criteria

• Current smoker
• Severe obesity (BMI>40 kg/m2)
• Blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg
• Diabetes (fasting glucose >110 mg/dl)
• Hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol >240 mg/dl)
• Inflammatory disease (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc)
• Diagnosed atherosclerotic heart disease
• Diagnosed cardiac arrhythmia
• Bacterial, viral or upper respiratory infection within past 1 month
• Bleeding disorder
• Anticoagulant medication
• Pregnant women