PupillOmetry for Prediction of DelirIUM

Automated pupillometry is an easy-to-use device that allows for accurate objective assessment of the photomotor reflex.

AP it allows the acquisition of dynamic parameters in addition to pupillary diameter, such as quantitative measurement of pupillary reactivity, speed, or latency of pupil contraction after a standardized light stimulus.

Automated pupillometry has been evaluated in ICU, in a monocentric study in non-brain-damaged patients, AP was used for the first time to predict the occurrence of delirium. Interestingly, the decrease in pupillary diameter variation at day 0 after 48h of IMV (D0) was independently associated with the occurrence of delirium during the ICU stay. This seems promising but requires a validation study in order to recommend its routine use.

The hypothesis is the AP parameters predict the risk of delirium in ICU-patients ventilated for more than 48 hours. Specifically, AP parameters on the D3 of mechanical ventilation allow predicting the occurrence of delirium during the first 14 days of resuscitation. This will allow early change of patient management, by identifying patients at risk of delirium and serious short-term adverse events.

This is a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study involving 5 ICU in the Paris area.

To ensure the 213 planned inclusions and the 3-month follow-up of all included patients, a research duration of 15 months is expected. The ethical committee of the French Society of intensive care medicine (FICS) approved the study protocol (CE SRLF 20-09) and required Family members' informed consent.

At D0, patient is included and we start to evaluate AP parameter twice a day from D0 to D7 and to monitor delirium occurrence using Confusion assessment monitoring in the ICU (CAM ICU).

We assess changes in AP parameters from D0 to D7 of mechanical ventilation in patients with and without CAM-ICU diagnosed delirium during the first 14 days of ICU stay.

Automated pupillometry protocol : The AP is measured for each eye from D0 onwards, twice a day, as long as the patient is under mechanical ventilation and up to a maximum of 7 days (D7), using the NPI Neuroptics® device. These parameters were measured by the nurses or by the investigating physician not involved in the patient's care. At each measurement point, the mean value of both eyes was used for the analyses. The AP parameters are: pupillary diameter, variation of the pupillary diameter, pupillary constriction speed, pupillary dilatation speed, photomotor reflex latency, NPi and symmetry of pupillary responses. Routine neurological monitoring in ICU includes the RASS score every 4 hours. If the RASS score is ≥ -3 then CAM-ICU will be administered twice daily starting on day 3 by the patient's attending physicians. The physicians in charge of the patient will be blinded to the AP results.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults ≥ 18 years
• mechanical ventilation since 48h
• Information and no opposition of patient or close person if he is present at the time of inclusion, otherwise urgent inclusion

Exclusion criteria

• Patient diagnosed confused by CAM-ICU on D0
• Ophthalmological pathology modifying the photomotor reflex
• Acute or chronic neurological pathology: Cerebro-injured patients (head trauma, stroke, cardiopulmonary arrest, hypoglycemic coma, meningitis / encephalitis / brain abscess), dementia with MMSE <24
• Duration of stay in intensive care> 72h or duration of ventilation> 72h
• Readmission in intensive care
• Moribund patient
• Patient under guardianship or curatorship
• No affiliation to social security (beneficiary or assignee)