Pulsed Field Ablation for Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation After Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion

This clinical trial aims to explore the safety and efficacy of pulsed field ablation (PFA) in patients who have undergone left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) for the treatment of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). LAAO is an effective strategy for stroke prevention in patients with AF, and PFA is a novel non-thermal ablation technique that may offer advantages over traditional radiofrequency ablation, particularly by minimizing collateral damage to surrounding structures.

The study will enroll adult patients aged 18-75 years who have symptomatic AF that is refractory to or intolerant of at least one class I or III antiarrhythmic drug and have previously undergone LAAO. The trial will be conducted at a single center, with each participant receiving PFA after LAAO.

The procedure will involve the use of PFA to ablate the left atrium and achieve electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins, guided by fluoroscopy and intracardiac echocardiography. The primary endpoint is the absence of any atrial arrhythmia (AF or atrial flutter) over a 12-month follow-up period, assessed via ECG and Holter monitoring. Secondary endpoints include acute procedural success (i.e., achieving pulmonary vein isolation), as well as the assessment of complications such as phrenic nerve injury, device-related issues, and other adverse events.

The study will monitor patients closely post-procedure at 24 hours, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months, assessing clinical outcomes such as recurrence of AF, device-related complications, and changes in the left atrial appendage closure device position or leak. Data from baseline evaluations, including echocardiography, CT, and blood tests, will be collected and used for comparative analysis throughout the study.

This research is expected to contribute valuable evidence on the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of combining LAAO with PFA in the treatment of non-valvular AF, potentially benefiting a large population of patients who have limited treatment options.

Inclusion criteria

• Aged 18-75 years;
• Documented symptomatic atrial fibrillation;
• Ineffective or intolerant to at least one class I or III antiarrhythmic drug;
• Able to fully understand the treatment protocol, voluntarily sign the informed consent form, and willing to undergo the required examinations, procedures, and follow-up.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients who have previously undergone left atrial surgery;
• Left atrial thrombus;
• Patients with pulmonary agenesis;
• Female patients of reproductive age who cannot use effective contraception within 12 months after enrollment;
• Left atrial anteroposterior diameter ≥ 55 mm;
• Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40%;
• Patients who have previously undergone interatrial septal repair or removal of atrial myxoma;
• Patients with active implanted devices (e.g., pacemaker, ICD);
• Patients with NYHA heart failure class III-IV;
• Patients with a clear history of cerebrovascular disease (including cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, or TIA) within the past 6 months;
• Patients who have experienced cardiovascular events (e.g., acute myocardial infarction, coronary intervention or bypass surgery, valve replacement or repair, atrial or ventricular surgery) within the past 3 months;
• Patients with acute or severe systemic infections;
• Patients with severe liver or kidney disease, malignancy, or end-stage disease that may affect the treatment, assessment, or compliance of the trial (as judged by the investigator);
• Patients with significant bleeding tendency, hypercoagulable state, or severe hematologic disorders;
• Patients who have participated or are currently participating in another clinical trial within the past 12 months prior to enrollment;
• Patients who the investigator deems unsuitable for participation in this trial.