Psychometric Evaluation of the EVARUCI Scale in Turkish Intensive Care Units

International guidelines recommend the use of Pressure Injury risk assessment tools. According to these guidelines, a systematic approach to assessing risk for PI development is essential. Although several tools have been developed, no single clinical pathway is considered superior. Instead, a comprehensive evaluation of risk factors, combined with visual skin assessment, is recommended. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the EVARUCI Scale in a Turkish intensive care unit setting by performing cross-cultural adaptation and linguistic validation, and to examine its validity and reliability through psychometric testing.

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Key information

Conditions

Pressure Incidence Prevention Pressure Ulcer Skin Diseases Skin Ulcer Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Age range

18 year–70 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Istanbul University

Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

A scoping review examining pressure injury risk assessment tools in critically ill patients across eight databases reported that the Risk Assessment Scale for Pressure Ulcers in Intensive Care demonstrated superior performance indicators, while the CALCULATE scale was highlighted as a recent, appropriate, simple, and user-friendly instrument, although both still require further refinement. In a study by Guerrero-Toapanta et al., EVARUCI was found to be a suitable tool for assessing PI risk in ICU patients, with the optimal assessment time identified as 48 hours after admission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the EVARUCI Scale in a Turkish intensive care unit setting by performing cross-cultural adaptation and linguistic validation, and to examine its validity and reliability through psychometric testing.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Patients who are 18 years or older
without a pressure injury at the time of ICU admission
expected to stay in the ICU for at least 72 hours who consent to participate in the study (or whose family members consent) included in the study.

Exclusion criteria

Patients or their family members who did not consent to participate
Patients who transferred to another hospital during their ICU stay, excluded from the study.

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

EVARUCI Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale in Intensive Care

Time frame: 3 days

The EVARUCI was developed specifically for intensive care unit patients based on studies of common risk factors for pressure injuries in Spain. González et al. (2004) found that the EVARUCI scale had a suitable reliability when tested. Subsequently, Roca et al. (2015) concluded that the interobserver concordance for the EVARUCI scale was very high. The EVARUCI scale assesses level of consciousness, hemodynamic and respiratory status, and the mobility status of the patient. Each of these parameters is scored from 0 to 4. A fifth category called "other" assesses risk factors such as temperature, skin status, blood pressure, prone position, and length of stay in the ICU. The total score ranges from 4 (minimum risk) to 23 (maximum risk).

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Istanbul University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

From Translation to Validation: Psychometric Evaluation of the EVARUCI Scale in Turkish Intensive Care Units

Acronym: TTV: EVARUCI

Important dates

Study start: 2025
Primary completion: 2026
Study completion: 2026
First posted: May 8, 2026
Registry last updated: May 8, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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