Psychological Problems in Post Thyroidectomy Patients

Regarding the psychological dimension of QOL, several studies have emphasized patients' emotional well-being post-thyroidectomy. Findings have demonstrated that, while many individuals experience temporary emotional disturbances related to the surgery, long-term psychological outcomes generally improve over time. In fact, the majority of patients report higher levels of self-esteem and body image post-thyroidectomy, as the removal of a diseased or abnormal thyroid gland can alleviate anxiety and distress associated with the underlying condition. However, additional research is needed to explore the specific factors contributing to these positive psychological outcomes and to identify potential interventions for those experiencing psychological distress following thyroidectomy .

Thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice in thyroid cancer patients, and the prevalence of thyroid cancer has shown a gradual increase over the past two decades. Thyroid surgery is also indicated in certain forms of benign thyroid disorder, such as nontoxic goiter and Graves' disease. Although thyroidectomy is a universal operation, few studies to date have investigated the impact of thyroidectomy on QOL .

Inclusion criteria

• 1-Gender: both males and females 2- Post thyroidectomy patients: patients who will be planned to undergo different types of thyroidectomy for conditions such as thyroid cancer, benign thyroid disease (goiter), or hyperthyroidism (e.g., Graves' disease) and admitted as inpatients.

3- Age Range: participants within certain age range (e.g., 18-75 years). 4-Consent: Ability to provide informed consent to participate in the study. 5-Stable Medical Condition:

Exclusion criteria

• Patients who were previously diagnosed with any psychiatric diseases.
• Medications: Use of medications that could affect outcome of the study e.g., antidepressants, corticosteroids and benzodiazepines
• Pregnancy: Current pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Age: less than 18 years or more than 75 years old.
• patients with any organ failure e.g (heart failure, end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis and liver failure) and cancers other than thyroid cancer.