Psychoeducation, Relaxation, PrOblem Solving, Activation, Cognitive Coping Therapy for Adolescents and Youth in HIV Care

Depression, anxiety, and trauma are common mental disorders that disproportionately affect adolescents and youth with HIV (AYHIV), and are associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) non-adherence and poor treatment outcomes. The integration of mental health services in HIV care for AYHIV is recommended, but is lacking due to few trained mental health providers, and lack of a well validated integration models. Transdiagnostic interventions based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and delivered by lay health workers are effective in addressing these mental health conditions and could potentially improve HIV treatment outcomes. Barriers to integration of these interventions in the care of AYHIV in sub-Saharan Africa include paucity of effectiveness data among AYHIV and the lack of adaptation to tailor implementation for the HIV care context, including the length of treatment (number and frequency of sessions) and the format of delivery. This proposal builds on the successful pilot of 'Psychoeducation, Relaxation, PrOblem solving, Activation, Cognitive coping Therapy' (PROACT), a brief, modular and transdiagnostic intervention for adolescents and youth with mild to moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety in Kenya that resulted in clinically significant reduction in symptoms. The intervention can be delivered in stand-alone modules either in person or by phone, making it particularly appropriate for AYHIV when school is in session. In this project, we propose to further adapt PROACT for the HIV care setting through a stakeholder engagement process with policymakers, mental health and adolescent HIV practitioners, and AYHIV. Using a hybrid 1 cluster randomized trial in 30 HIV clinics in Kenya, we will assess the effectiveness of PROACT in reducing depressive, anxiety and trauma symptoms 6 months and 12 months after enrolment, comparing 300 AYHIV with mild to moderate symptoms in intervention to 300 in control clinics. To inform the integration of the intervention in routine care, we will measure implementation outcomes including reach, fidelity and maintenance, and explore multilevel determinants influencing reach, fidelity and maintenance in mental health screening and management, acceptability of training by providers and satisfaction with services by AYHIV. We will also conduct an economic evaluation through a time-driven activity-based costing of the intervention's implementation activities within the 30 clinics in participating in the study to estimate the implementation costs from a patient and health system perspective.

Inclusion criteria

• Adolescent or youth ages 16-24 years attending HIV clinic at selected site with at least mild psychological distress who is willing to join the study and capable of providing consent to receive the intervention

Exclusion criteria

• If any study procedure would put them at an increased risk or if their compliance with study procedures is not possible