Protein S100B Versus Neutrophils/Lymphocytes Ratio in Early Prediction of Brain Injury

The most prevalent types of newborn brain injury (NBI) are intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), which can affect neonates born at any gestational age (GA).

Amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) is another early predictor and prognostic technique for Neonatal Brain Injury. Electrophysiological brain activity, as measured by aEEG, is a well-established method for giving information on the functional and metabolic status of the brain and the incidence of epileptic seizure episodes.

S100B belongs to the S100 family. Because it is soluble in a 100% saturated solution of ammonium sulfate, it was designated "S100." S100 protein is a calcium-binding cytosolic protein with a molecular weight of 21 kDa comprised of 2 monomers, which are found in a variety of cells and are primarily concentrated in the glial cells of the CNS. Due to its molecular weight, peripheral blood will detect only S100B.

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects changes in neutrophil and lymphocyte levels, which is an indication of inflammation.

Inclusion criteria

• Gestational age between 28 and 36 weeks.
• Prematurity.

Exclusion criteria

• Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
• Multiple congenital anomalies.
• Chromosomal abnormalities.
• Preterm less than 28 weeks.
• Infant of diabetic mother.