Prostate Medication, Metabolism and Gut Microbiota

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant health care system challenge. PCa is the most common male cancer in Finland and most western countries. Interestingly, although the incidence of indolent (latent) PCa is very similar throughout the globe, there is a remarkable global age-adjusted incidence variation (up to 40-fold difference between highest and lowest incidences).

Epidemiological data suggest that aging in men is associated with neoplastic processes in the prostate but only a subset of men will develop a true malignancy potentially affecting their life-span or quality of life. Genetic factors have a significant effect on PCa risk, but very likely life-style (e.g. diet and physical activity) affect PCa risk as well, but the mechanisms mediating protective or harmful effects of life-style remain unclear.

Gut microbiota, i.e. the collection of microbes colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, is acknowledged to play significant role in many metabolic pathways and pathogenic processes in the human body. Although there is some evidence suggesting that gut microbiota affects therapy responses (especially androgen deprivation) in PCa, it ́s potential role in prostate carcinogenesis is not well documented. Our previous studies suggest that gut microbiota composition is different in men with and without PCa and that changes in steroid hormone synthesis may be one mechanism how gut microbiota affects PCa risk.

Inclusion criteria

• Provision of signed and dated informed consent form.
• Ability and stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Any history of a fecal transplantation.
• Recent (within 3 months or still symptomatic) gastroenteritis.
• Antibiotic treatment within 3 months (expect for antibiotic prophylaxis related to prostate biopsies).
• Inability to comply with the protocol of unwillingness to participate in the study.