PRospectIve ObseRvatIonal mulTicenter Study of Patients With Arterial hYpertension and CKD in the Population of Russia

Timely chronic kidney disease (CKD) detection is important for slowing or preventing of kidney function deterioration, reducing cardiovascular complications and mortality. Unfortunately, early-stage CKD is primarily asymptomatic, and due to lack of symptoms CKD is often diagnosed only in advanced stages.

There are limited epidemiological data of the overall CKD prevalence in Russia. In Russia there is Federal diabetes registry that includes data of diabetes kidney disease among others, so the population of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and CKD is more studied. Besides the diabetes, AH is also considered one of the major etiological factors for CKD development and progression, but the population of patients with AH and CKD is less studied. Available studies that assess renal function in patients with AH are cross-sectional with one-time assessment of kidney function. The diagnosis of CKD should be established, if CKD markers are observed over 3 or more months, so it is required to assess the markers of kidney function and/or kidney damage overtime to confirm chronic condition.

There is a need to conduct a large observational study in patients with AH and CKD markers to describe the rate of CKD diagnosis in this patient population. Recorded diagnosis of CKD is an important first step to reduce the risk of disease progression and minimize adverse clinical outcomes.

The current study will enroll patients with AH and without previously diagnosed DM and symptomatic heart failure that will allow focusing on evaluating the prevalence of newly diagnosed CKD in patients with hypertension.

This study is a multi-center, non-interventional, observational, prospective study with retrospective analysis.

Planned study population for prospective analysis consists of 10 000 adult outpatients with AH and one or more CKD markers, without recorded CKD diagnosis prior to enrolment, and without recorded diagnosis of DM or symptomatic chronic heart failure (CHF). Planned number of study sites is approximately 50 outpatient sites in about 20 regions of Russia.

Retrospective part includes retrospective review by the physician of paper or electronic medical records of patients with recorded diagnosis of AH for the presence of laboratory CKD markers, measured within the period of ≤12 months prior to inclusion into the study. Patients with one or more CKD markers recorded in their medical records (without recorded CKD diagnosis) can be included in the prospective part of the study.

Demographic and clinical characteristics, including medical history, CKD markers, will be collected retrospectively from all enrolled patients.

In case of enough retrospective data for the period of ≤12 months prior to inclusion to confirm CKD diagnosis according to the current clinical guidelines (two consecutive evaluations of CKD marker(s) with the interval between two measurements not less than 3 months), the CKD diagnosis can be confirmed and recorded. Otherwise, the laboratory testing will be performed to confirm or exclude the CKD diagnosis.

Overall expected duration of the study (from the first patient inclusion to the last patient last visit) is 18 months, or until 10 000 eligible patients are included to the study and data on these patients are collected, whichever occurs first.

This non-interventional study does not imply any intervention into a routine clinical practice, and does not provide for any diagnostic and therapeutic procedures other than those used in routine practice.

Inclusion criteria

• Male or female participants aged 18 years or older at the time of signing the ICF;
• Signed and dated written informed consent in accordance with ICH GCP and local law prior to inclusion in the study;
• Diagnosis of AH (essential hypertension) previously established in accordance with current Russian "Clinical guidelines on arterial hypertension in adults", i.e. office systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, measured on two different visits;
• Laboratory markers of CKD (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1,73 m2 and/or albuminuria/proteinuria*), measured for the period of ≤12 months prior to enrolment. *any of the following: urine ACR (albumin/creatinine ratio) ≥ 30 mg/g (3 mg/mmol), urine PCR (protein/creatinine ratio) ≥150 mg/g (15 mg/mmol), 24-h albuminuria ≥30 mg/day or 24-h proteinuria ≥ 0.15 g/day.
• No CKD diagnosis recorded in a patient's medical documents prior to enrollment

Exclusion criteria

• The diagnosis of symptomatic chronic heart failure (CHF) II-IV functional class according to the NYHA classification ever recorded in a patient's medical documents;
• The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM type 1 or DM type 2) recorded in a patient's medical documents;
• The diagnosis of AH of secondary origin;
• Participation in any randomized controlled trial within 3 months before the inclusion in this study or during the participation in this study.