Prospective Evaluation for Receiving SynFlow 3.0 Interventional Circulatory Support in High-risk PCI: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial under the Good Clinical Principles(GCP) carried out in more than 15 research centers over China. Patients with 3-vessel disease, unprotected left main coronary artery disease or last patent conduit and severly depressed left ventricular function (LVEF≤35%) will be enrolled and undergo non-emergent PCI, and be randomized 1:1 to receive either the SynFlow 3.0 or VA-ECMO support during the PCI. The primary endpoint is the incidence of 30-day major adverse events.

Inclusion criteria

• The investigator assesses that the subject requires coronary revascularization, but CABG is considered as high-risk or the subject refuses CABG. The investigator considers the subject may benefit from PCI.
• Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35%.
• Coronary angiography (CAG) or coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) shows any of the following conditions:

• last patent conduit (occluded vessel diameter ≥ 2.5 mm).
• unprotected left main (LM) coronary artery disease.
• Three-vessel disease (stenosis ≥ 70%). *Three-vessel disease is defined as at least one significant stenosis (≥ 70%) lesion in all three major epicardial coronary artery territories: left anterior descending artery (LAD) and/or its branches, left circumflex artery (LCX) and/or its branches, and right coronary artery (RCA) and/or its branches. In the case of left coronary artery dominance, a lesion in the LAD and the proximal LCX qualified as three-vessel disease.
• The subject is able to understand the purpose of the trial and sign the informed consent form, and is likely to be compliant to and willing to receive the clinical follow up after discharge.

Exclusion criteria

• STEMI within 24 hours.
• Cardiac arrest within 24 hours.
• Cardiogenic shock (CS) or acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (Cardiogenic shock is defined as systemic hypotension [systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or requiring inotropes/vasopressors to maintain systolic blood pressure >90 mmHg] and any of the followings: ongoing need for inotropes/vasopressors before entering the catheterization lab, any clinical evidence of end-organ hypoperfusion, or use of IABP or other circulatory support devices).
• History of stroke or TIA within one month prior to the procedure.
• Contraindications to or inability to place pVAD and ECMO (including but not limited to: left ventricular thrombus, presence of a mechanical aortic valve or cardiac contractile device, moderate to severe aortic stenosis, moderate to severe aortic regurgitation, stents in peripheral access or severe peripheral vascular disease such as tortuosity and dissection which impedes device placement, aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm, or severe abnormalities of ascending aorta or aortic arch , hematological diseases causing fragility of blood cells or hemolysis , hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy).
• Presence or suspicion of active systemic infection.
• Known contraindications to heparin (including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia), contrast agents, or study-required medications (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel).
• Uncorrectable coagulopathy prior to the procedure, including platelet count ≤75×10^9^/L or INR ≥2.0.
• Liver dysfunction: liver enzymes and bilirubin of more than 3 times the upper limit of the normal value.
• Renal dysfunction: undergoing dialysis or serum creatinine ≥4 mg/dL (353.6 µmol/L).
• Severe right heart failure or severe tricuspid regurgitation.
• Pregnant or lactating women, or women planning pregnancy during the trial.
• Participation in another drug or medical device clinical trial without reaching the primary endpoint.
• Other conditions deemed by the investigator as unsuitable for participation in this trial.