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NCT Number: NCT06751719

Proprioceptive, Calisthenic, and Kinesthetic Exercises for Chronic Low Back Pain

Numerous studies have emphasized the debilitating effects of chronic low back pain (CLBP), which persists for over 12 weeks and impacts approximately 20% of the global population. The etiology of CLBP encompasses various factors, such as sedentary lifestyles, diminished muscle strength, poor neuromuscular control of deep trunk muscles, and compromised proprioception, all contributing to lumbar spine strain. These factors result in limitations in essential daily activities, significantly diminishing the overall quality of life. Continued exploration in this field is essential to furthering our understanding of managing chronic low back pain. Investigating alternative treatment approaches, such as proprioceptive, calisthenic, and kinesthetic exercises, contributes to expanding the range of solutions available for addressing this issue. Embracing a diverse array of interventions not only proves beneficial but also holds promise in providing long-term advantages for enhancing patients' overall well-being. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively investigate the combined effects of proprioceptive, kinesthetic, and calisthenic exercises, alongside core stabilization exercises, in alleviating chronic low back pain and their potential to enhance range of motion and diminish functional disability in individuals with CLBP in Lahore, Pakistan.

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Key information

Conditions

Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)

Age range

25 year–45 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Riphah Rehab Training and Research Center

Lahore, Punjab Province, 54760, Pakistan

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Minimum 3 months or above LBP
  • Moderate pain (NPRS: 3-7)
  • Disability score of 19% or greater as evident from the modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ)

Exclusion criteria

  • History of inflammatory joint diseases e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis
  • History of neurological deficit e.g. paresthesia, sensory loss, radiculopathy, myelopathy
  • History of surgery related to spine, lower extremities, metal implants on lower extremities
  • History of any mental illness
  • Subjects on medication e.g. antidepressants, corticosteroids, and anti-inflammatory medications
  • Other conditions include peripheral vascular diseases, recent fractures including lower limb or spine, osteoporosis, spine or other joint deformities, brain injuries, neuromuscular disorders, and respiratory diseases
  • Pregnancy

Treatment and study plan

core stabilization exercises

Other

The core exercises would be held for 7 to 8 seconds, repeated 10 times, and rest for 3 seconds between repetitions and 1 minute rest between each exercise. These exercises will include:

  • Abdominal hollowing
  • Supine extension bridge
  • Partial Curls

heat therapy

Other

The heat therapy would be applied to the lumbar region for 10 minutes.

Proprioceptive Exercises

Other

The proprioceptive exercises will include rest for 3 seconds between repetitions and 1-minute rest between each exercise. These exercises will include:

  • One leg balance - 10 seconds hold time with 3 repetitions
  • Forward leg swings - 15 swings
  • Sideways leg swings - 15 swings

Calisthenic Exercises

Other

The calisthenic exercises will include:

  • Abductor's leg raise for 10 repetitions
  • Prone leg extension for 10 repetitions
  • Alternate toe touch for 10 repetitions

kinesthetic exercises

Other

The kinesthetic exercises will have 1 minute rest in between exercises. These exercises will include:

  • Toe walking for 20 meters distance
  • Heel walking for 20 meters distance

Primary outcomes

  1. numeric pain rating scale (NPRS)

    Time frame: baseline, after 4 weeks

    A numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) would be used to assess the patient's pain measure for chronic low back pain before and after exercises. This 11-point numeric scale ranges from '0' representing one pain extreme (e.g. "no pain") to '10' representing the other pain extreme (e.g. "pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable"). The NPRS has a validity of 0.86 to 0.95 and a reliability of 0.96.

  2. inclinometer

    Time frame: baseline, after 4 weeks

    An inclinometer would be used to measure the range of motion for the lumbar spine. The inclinometer for lumbar ROM has a reliability of 0.97.

  3. Modified ODI for disability (Urdu version)

    Time frame: baseline, after 4 weeks

    Modified ODI for disability (Urdu version) would be used to assess the patient's functional disability for chronic low back pain at 0 weeks and then at 4 weeks. The modified ODI has a reliability of 0.90. For each question, 0 points is the minimum, and 5 points is the maximum. Add up the total score for 10 questions.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Riphah International University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Combined Effects of Proprioceptive, Calisthenic, and Kinesthetic Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Disability in Chronic Low Back Pain

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2025
First posted
Dec 30, 2024
Registry last updated
Jun 15, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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