Propofol's Hypnotic and Memory Effects

We wish to seek evidence of a neuroanatomical basis for the separation of the sedative/hypnotic and amnesic effects of propofol by imaging electrophysiologic and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes to identify these. Our main hypothesis is that there are differing neuroanatomical regions mediating drug-induced sedation and amnesia, and that these can be identified by specific changes in electrophysiology and rCBF. Electrophysiologic changes will be mapped using a validated electroencephalographic (EEG) mapping technique, Low Resolution brain Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA). (1) Changes in brain activity will be identified with high spatial resolution using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). (2) To identify key regions out of possibly many exhibiting changes in brain activity during propofol administration, we plan to manipulate drug-induced sedation by using thiopental, a sedative drug with few memory effects active at the same receptors as propofol.

Inclusion criteria

• Healthy normal volunteers who show no evidence of neurologic deficit on questionnaire and physical examination
• Females of child-bearing age must be non-pregnant as demonstrated using a pregnancy test, non-lactating, and must be using adequate contraception or be surgically sterile
• Age 18 years to 45 years
• Right hand dominant
• High school education or above(to ensure consistent performance on the memory tests being administered)
• English as native language or equivalent degree of fluency

Exclusion criteria

• Any evidence of neurologic deficit including seizures, history of severe head trauma or any previously or current abnormal study of CNS - (eg. MRI, EEG, etc.)
• Any deficit in auditory or visual ability that would prevent performance of the study tasks
• History of claustrophobia
• Any history of hypertension (resting BP >150 systolic, >100 diastolic) or taking anti- hypertensive medication
• Any history of cardiovascular disease including previous myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart valve disease, or cardiac murmur
• Significant pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, or endocrine metabolic disease which in the opinion of the investigator would complicate the goals of this study
• Allergy to propofol, thiopental, eggs or history of acute intermittent porphyria, history of severe allergic reaction (e.g. anaphylactic shock)
• History of substance abuse
• Currently taking centrally acting medications (benzodiazepines or other anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotic agents, or agents affecting the cerebral vasculature)
• Any one who is not NPO for at least 6 hours
• Any implant incompatible with MR scanning
• Anyone who, in the opinion of the investigators, would be unwilling or unable to tolerate the procedures and/or comply with the task instructions
• Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30