Promoting Healthy Brain Development: Wellness for 2 Study

The DB DOS is a standardized observation of infant arousal, soothability, reactivity, and temper loss. During early infancy, the

The PSS is a self-report measure of the degree to which an individual perceives their life situations to be stressful. The instrument includes 10 items that assess how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives, and assess current levels of experienced stress.

Parent report measure of infant irritability.

Mothers complete a 28-item scale that assesses depressive symptoms experienced in the past 7 days.

The STAI is a 40 item self report questionnaire that assesses both state anxiety and trait anxiety.

The FFMQ is a 39-item self report survey that taps into five areas of mindfulness, including observation, description, aware actions, non-judgmental inner experience, and non-reactivity.

The NNNS is an assessment of neurobehavioral organization, neurological reflexes, motor development - active and passive tone, and signs of stress and withdrawal in neonates, developed for use with at-risk or drug-exposed infants but has been normed with typically developing infants.

The TIMP is a norm-referenced measure designed to evaluate motor control and organization of posture and movement for functional activities in infants 32 weeks gestational age to four months post-term age and measures both spontaneous behaviors and elicited items.

General movements are a developmentally regulated pattern of spontaneous motor activity. By 10-15 weeks of age, the predominant general movements seen are called Fidgety Movements - a pattern of continuous, small amplitude movements of the neck, trunk and limbs during wakefulness that disappear with agitation. These patterns are identifiable and are classified as normal if present (intermittent or continual), and abnormal if exaggerated (with respect to speed and amplitude), sporadic (interspersed with long pauses) or absent. Babies are observed for up to 30 minutes in a supine position to assess for spontaneous movements.

The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is a 10-20 minute norm referenced, standardized, gross motor assessment. Infants are observed in four positions: prone, sitting, supine, and standing. For each subscale, items are scored as "observed" or "not observed". A total raw score and percentile are calculated.

variability/physiological stress as indicated by a machine learned model applied to electrocardiogram (ECG) signals.

Cortical thickness and surface area of pre-frontal cortex regions, which have been linked to child irritability and Infant dysregulation, is measured through natural sleep MRI.

Placenta and cord blood will be collected at birth. Tests to be performed on these samples include measurement of inflammatory markers related to stress, such as a multiplex immunoassay panel of the following cytokines and chemokines: (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-1beta, procalcitonin, cortisol).

The baby will complete a baseline or resting EEG for 2-5 minutes and then hear an auditory oddball paradigm with speech syllables while resting for ~10 min. EEG (electroencephalogram) power will be measured as a marker infant neurodevelopment.

The baby will complete a baseline or resting EEG for 2-5 minutes and then hear an auditory oddball paradigm with speech syllables while resting for ~10 min. ERP (event related potential) mean amplitude will be measured as a marker of infant neurodevelopment.

Infant birthweight will be obtained from EHR data collected at the hospital at birth

The MIRI is a 22 item questionnaire designed to assess a mother's feelings about her infant, her recognition of her responsiveness to the infant, and her infants responses.

The IBQ-R is a parent-report survey designed to measure multiple dimensions of temperament in infants up to age 12 months.

The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Fourth Edition (Bayley-4) is a five-domain assessment tool used to determine developmental delays in children. The developmental domains are cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior, and include direct assessment of the child and parent report.

Parent structured interview for diagnosing psychiatric disorders in children ages 2-5.

Parent report measure of behavior problems and social competencies in children ages 1-3 that identifies delays or deficits in areas of social-emotional development.

The E-CRI is a semi-structured interview designed to measure early childhood impairment resulting from young children's tantrums and irritability across various contexts.

Self-report measure of the degree to which an individual perceives their life situations to be stressful. The instrument includes 10 items that assess how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives, and assess current levels of experienced stress.

Self-report 9-item measure of behaviors that indicate depression and can be targeted for change by cognitive behavioral therapy and behavior activation. Mothers complete this measure regarding behaviors experienced over the past week.

This self-report, 30-item scale measures expectancies and beliefs that the mothers have regarding their abilities to alleviate their negative mood, anger, anxiety and depression.

The PSI Role Restriction subscale includes 7 mother-report items regarding her feelings of limited freedom and restriction of her identity to the parenting role.

The PACOTIS is a mother report measure of their actions, thoughts, and feelings during interactions with their baby.

The MCDI is a parent-report questionnaire about their child's communication and language development. The Words & Gestures form is used at 12 months and the Words & Sentences form is used at 24 months.

The MOS Social Support Survey is a 19-item self-report measure of the mother's availability of social support in a variety of domains including emotional support, tangible support, affectionate support, and positive social interaction.

The FLIS is a parent report survey that assesses the degree to which a child's behavior impacts the family's ability to participate in typical activities.

Mothers complete the PROMIS Anxiety scale, which includes items that assess fear, anxious misery, hyperarousal, and somatic symptoms related to anxiety.

The FRI is a 12-item survey designed to assess family cohesion, communication and conflict-resolution.